Anti-Bacterial Sulfanilamide

sulfanilamide

1. Anti-bacterial Sulfanilamide

2. Sulfanilamide : They act as antimicrobial agents by inhibiting bacterial growth and activity commonly called as sulpha drugs. It is a molecule containing the sulfonamide group attached with aniline. Its molecular structure is similar to p-Amino benzoic acid (PABA )

3. Identical structure:

4. history:

5. Synthesis :

6. Biochemical action: Dihydripteroate synthetase catalyses the condensation of dihydropteroate diphosphate + (PABA) to form dihydropteroic acid & convert into dihydrofolic acid. DHPS is the target of sulfonamides which are substrate analogues that compete with precursor p- aminobenzoic acid. Dihydrofolic acid converts into tetrehydrofolic acid & inhibited by trimethoprim

7. Sulfanilamide antimetabolites :

8. Competitive inhibition:

9. DERIVATIVES OF SULFANILAMIDES:

10. Derivatives : S ulfathiazole F urosemide

11. sulfathiazole: Short acting sulfonamide antibiotics used in the treatment of infections and for disinfecting home aquariums. Common side effects are itching,burning,an increased need to urinate and allergy.

12. Furosemide: Used to treat fluid build up by heart failure,liver scarring or kidney diseases,high blood pressure,cause diuresis Loss of blood pressure,hearing loss,excessive use cause metabolic alkalosis due to hypokalemia and hypochloremia.

13. side effects: Itching,rash Swelling of mouth,face and lips Fever,chills , sore throat etc.

14. References: Actor, P.; Chow, A. W.; Dutko , F. J.; McKinlay , M. A. (2005), "Chemotherapeutics",  Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry , Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Biography of Paul Gelmo :  Encyclopedia.com . Paul Gelmo (May 14, 1908)  " Über Sulfamide der p- Amidobenzolsulfonsäure ,"  Journal für Praktische Chemie ,  77  : 369-382.  G. Domagk, " Ein Beitrag zur Chemotherapie der bakteriellen Infektionen ",  Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift ,  61 , feb. 15, 1935, p. 250. On May 18, 1909, Deutsches Reich Patentschrift number 226,239 for sulfanilamide was awarded to Heinrich Hörlein of the Bayer corporation.