ANTI BIOTICS INTRODUCTION.GENERAL CONSIDERATION

ANTIBIOTIS

7. Bactericidal drugsare those that kill target organisms.
Bacteriostatic drugsinhibit or delay bacterial growth and replication

17. Sulfonamidesand related
drugs:
Sulfadiazine
Sulfones—Dapsone(DDS),
Paraaminosalicylicacid
(PAS).
Diaminopyrimidines
Trimethoprim
Pyrimethamine.
Quinolones
Nalidixicacid,
Norfloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Gatifloxacin
β-Lactamantibiotics:
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems.
Tetracyclines
Oxytetracycline
Doxycycline
Nitrobenzene derivative
Chloramphenicol.
Aminoglycosides:
Streptomycin,
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Neomycin
Macrolideantibiotics:
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Lincosamideantibiotics
Lincomycin,
Clindamycin.
Glycopeptideantibiotics:
Vancomycin,
Teicoplanin.

18. Oxazolidinone
Linezolid
Polypeptide antibiotics:
Polymyxin-B
Colistin
Bacitracin
Tyrothricin.
Nitrofuranderivatives:
Nitrofurantoin,
Furazolidone.
Nitroimidazoles
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Nicotinic acid derivatives
Isoniazid,
Pyrazinamide
Ethionamide.
Polyeneantibiotics
Nystatin
Amphotericin-B
Hamycin.
Azolederivatives:
Miconazole,
Clotrimazole,
Ketoconazole,
Fluconazole.
Others
Rifampin,
Spectinomycin, Sod.
fusidate,
Cycloserine,
Viomycin,
Ethambutol,
Clofazimine, Griseofulvin.

25. Spectrum of activity
Narrow-spectrum
•Penicillin G
•Streptomycin
•Erythromycin
Broad-spectrum
•Tetracyclines
•Chloramphenicol

26. Type of organisms against which
primarily active
Antibacterial
Penicillins,
Aminoglycosides
Erythromycin
Antifungal:
Griseofulvin,
AmphotericinB
Ketoconazole
Antiviral
Acyclovir
Zidovudine
Antiprotozoal:
Chloroquine
Pyrimethamine
Metronidazole
Diloxanide
Anthelmintic:
Mebendazole,
Pyrantel,
Niclosamide,
Diethylcarbamazine

28. Mechanism of action
Inhibit cell wall synthesis:
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Cycloserine
Vancomycin
Bacitracin.
Cause leakage from cell
membranes:
Polypeptides—
Polymyxins,
Colistin,
Bacitracin.
Polyenes—AmphotericinB
Nystatin,
Hamycin.
Inhibit protein synthesis
Tetracyclines,
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Linezolid.
Cause misreading of m-
RNA code and affect
permeability:
Aminoglycosides—
Streptomycin
Gentamicin

29. Mechanism of action
Inhibit DNA gyrase:
Fluoroquinolones—
Ciprofloxacin
Interfere with DNA
function:
Rifampin
Metronidazole
Interfere with DNA
synthesis:
Acyclovir,
Zidovudine.
Interfere with
intermediary metabolism:
Sulfonamides
Sulfones, PAS
Trimethoprim
Pyrimethamine
Ethambutol.