Anti-Diabetics & Anti-Malarials. pptx

Anti-Diabetics & Anti-Malarials. pptx

1. Topic- Anti-Diabetics & Anti- Malarials Presented by Hariom Jaiswal Asst. Pro. D.PH 1 st Year Pharmacognosy Rajiv Gandhi College of Pharmacy Nautanwa Maharajganj UP 273164

2. INTRODUCTION OF ANTI-DIABETIC Anti-diabetic drugs are the medicines used to control blood sugar levels in people suffering from diabetes mellitus . These drugs help maintain normal glucose levels in the blood and prevent complications caused by high sugar levels. Diabetic: Diabetes, also known as Diabetes Mellitus, is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. These are two types: Type- 1 st . Type- 2 nd

3. 1. PTEROCARPUS Synonyms: Bijasal , Indian kino tree, Malbar kino. Biological source: It consists of dried juice obtained by making vertical incisions to the stem bark of the plant Pterocarpus marsupium Linn. ( पेरोकार्पस मार्सुपियम लिनन। ) Family: Leguminosae. ( लेग्यूमिनोसे। ) MORPHOLOGY: Colour : Ruby-red Odour : Odourless Taste: Astringent Size: 3 to 5 to 10 mm granules

4. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS The main chemical constituents present are: 1. Flavonoids: Epicatechin Marsupin Pterosupin Liquiritigenin 2. Phenolic compounds: Pterostilbene Resveratrol 3. Tannins: Kino-tannic acid 4. Glycosides

5. THERAPEUTIC USES / EFFICACY Antidiabetic: Lowers blood sugar levels (used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine). Astringent: Useful in diarrhea and dysentery. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective: Protects liver and reduces oxidative stress. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity.

6. 2. GYMNEMA Synonyms : Gurmar , Gurmar-booti , merasingi Biological source: It is consists of dried flowers and leaves of Gymnema sylvestre .( जिम्नेमा सिल्वेस्ट्रे ) Family: Asclepiadaceae.( एस्क्लेपियाडेसी। ) MORPHOLOGY Colour : Greenish to brownish-green (depending on drying). Odour : Slight, characteristic. Taste: Bitter and astringent; suppresses sweet taste when chewed. Size: Leaves about 2–6 cm long and 1–3 cm wide.

7. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS The main active constituents are: It contain Gymnemic It contain Gymnemagenin It contain Gurmarin It contain Flavonoids. It contain Triterpenoids Other chemicals Resins, alkaloids, and stigmasterol (in small amounts).

8. THERAPEUTIC USES Antidiabetic: Reduces blood glucose levels and regenerates pancreatic β- cells. Anti-obesity: Decreases sugar cravings. Hypolipidemic: Lowers cholesterol and triglycerides. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

9. INTRODUCTION ANTI-MALARIALS Anti-malarial drugs are medicines used for the prevention and treatment of malaria , a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes .

10. 1. CINCHONA Synonyms – Dal Chini, Jesuit's bark, Peruvian bark, Cinchona bark Biological source - It consist of dried bark of the different -2 spices- Cinchona calisaya/ सिनकोना कैलिसया (Yellow bark), Cinchona ledgcriyana / सिनकोना लेड्गक्रियाना (Brown bark), Cinchona officinalis/ सिनकोना ऑफिसिनैलिस Cinchona succirubra / सिनकोना सुकिरुब्रा (Red bark). Family- Rubiaceae

11. MORPHOLOGY Colour- Outer surface- Reddish brown Inner Surface- Pale Yellowish Odour- Aromatic Taste - Astringent and Intensely Bitter Size - Varies CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS The main active constituents of Cinchona bark are alkaloids , mainly quinoline alkaloids . 1. Major Alkaloids: Quinine Quinidine Cinchonine Cinchonidine 2. Other Constituents: Tannins Resins Quinovic acid Essential oils

12. USED Cinchona bark has antimalarial properties. It also used in fever to reduce the body temperature and as an analgesic. The drug is also useful in cases related to cardiac problems like arrhythmia. The drug is also used as an antiseptic and has been found to be useful in diseases like abscesses, cavities, and ulcers It is useful in dyspepsia and gastric catarrh.

13. 2. ARTEMISIA Synonym: Nagdauna , Davana, Mugwort , wormwood, sagebrush, Santonica and Worm seeds. Biological Source: Artemisia consists of unexpanded flower-head obtained from the plant Artemisia annua and Artemisia apiacea . ( आर्टेमिसिया एनुआ और आर्टेमिसिया एपियासिया ) Family: Asteraceae. ( एस्टेरसिया। ) MORPHOLOGY Colour : Flowers are yellow in colour , while other parts are whitish-grey. Odour : Aromatic and sweet. Taste: Bitter.

14. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS 1. Sesquiterpene lactones (primary active constituents) Artemisinin – potent antimalarial Dihydroartemisinin , Artemether, Artesunate Cineole, Camphor, Borneol 3. Flavonoids Quercetin, Luteolin, Kaempferol 4. Phenolic compounds Coumarins, Phenolic acids 5. Other constituents Tannins, Sugars, Sterols

15. USED Antimalarial: Artemisinin and derivatives are highly effective against Plasmodium falciparum . Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties Used in traditional medicine for fever, infections, and digestive disorders

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