Anti microbial Resistance AMRs By Ashwin

Anti microbial Resistance AMRs

1. Anti Microbial
Resistance (AMR)
Prepared By. Mr. Ashwin kumarlabana
DepartmentofPharmaceutical Chemistry
NIP Institute of Pharmacy Kherwara

2. Introduction
•
Definition: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when
bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites change over time
and no longer respond to medicines, making infections
harder to treat.
•
Key Point: AMR threatens to reverse decades of medical
progress.

3. The Importance of AMR
•
Global Concern: WHO lists AMR as one of the
top 10 global public health threats.•
Statistics: Over 700,000 deaths annually due to
AMR infections (expected to reach 10 million
deaths per year by 2050).

4. Causes of AMR
Misuse of antibiotics: Overprescription and improper use.
Agricultural use: Antibiotics used in livestock to promote
growth.
Poor infection prevention: Inadequate hygiene in healthcare
settings.
Lack of new antibiotics: Slow development of new
treatments.

5. Mechanisms of Resistance
•
Mutation: Bacteria mutate to resist the effect of drugs.•
Horizontal Gene Transfer: Sharing of resistance genes
between bacteria.
•
Biofilms: Protective layers around bacteria that prevent
antibiotic penetration.

6. Impact on Healthcare
•
Increased Mortality: Higher death rates from previously
treatable infections.•
Longer Hospital Stays: Resistant infections require longer
treatment.
•
Economic Burden: Estimated to cost the global economy up to
$100 trillion by 2050.

7. Examples of Resistant Pathogens
•
MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus
Aureus)•
VRE (Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci)
•
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
•
Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB)

8. Global Efforts to Combat AMR
•
WHO Global Action Plan: Five strategic objectives to reduce
AMR.•
Antibiotic Stewardship Programs: Promote the correct use of
antibiotics.
•
Investment in Research: Development of new antibiotics,
vaccines, and diagnostics.

9. What Can Individuals Do?
•
Responsible Antibiotic Use: Only take antibiotics when
prescribed.•
Finish Prescribed Treatments: Don’t stop taking
antibiotics early.
•
Prevent Infection: Maintain proper hygiene and get
vaccinated.

10. Future Directions
•
Innovations: New drug classes, bacteriophages,
and alternative therapies.•
Global Collaboration: Countries must work
together to enforce policies and practices that curb
AMR.

11. Conclusion
•
Key Message: AMR is a significant threat that
requires global action, policy change, and public
awareness.•
Call to Action: Support responsible antibiotic use,
invest in research, and follow preventive measures.