Antibodies and Types

Antibodies and Types

1. Cellular and Molecular Basis of Immunity Atifa Ambreen M.Phil , Microbiology Government College University, Faisalabad

2. Cellular and Molecular Basis of Immunity The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens ( Ags ). The main cellular components of the immune system are the phagocytes and the lymphocytes. The phagocytes comprise the polymorphonuclear leucocytes and the macrophages. The antibodies are the main component of the humoral (non-cellular) immune response, a part of the adaptive immune response. Antibodies are basically receptors; they are proteins that can bind to antigens

3. Immunoglobulins

4. Antibody Classes IgM - It is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen. Expresses on the surface of B cells (monomer) and in a secreted form ( pentamer ) with very high avidity. Eliminates pathogens in the early stages of B cell-mediated ( humoral ) immunity before there is sufficient.

5. IgG - Found in mucosal areas, such as the gut, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, and prevents colonization by pathogens. IgG is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG has two antigen binding sites.

6. IgE -Binds to allergens and triggers histamine release from mast cells and basophils , and is involved in allergy. It protects against parasitic worms. IgE is synthesised by plasma cells. IgE's main function is immunity to parasites like Schistosoma mansoni , Trichinella spiralis , and Fasciola hepatica. IgE has main role in hypersensitivity.

7. IgD - functions mainy as an antigen receptor on B cells that have not been exposed to antigens. It has been shown to activate basophils and mast cells to produce antimicrobial factors. It is an antibody isotype that makes up about 1% of proteins in the plasma membranes of immature B-lymphocytes where it is usually co-expressed with another cell surface antibody called IgM .

8. IgA -Found in mucosal areas, such as the gut, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, and prevents colonization by pathogens. is an antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of mucous membranes. The amount of IgA produced in association with mucosal membranes is greater than all other types of antibody combined. Represents up to 15% of total immunoglobulins produced throughout the body.

9. Properties of immunoglobulins (Antibodies) and draw all antibodies.