ANTICONTRACEPTIVES DRUGS USED TO PREGNANCY.pptx

ANTICONTRACEPTIVES DRUGS
talks about contraceotive drugs and thier types in simple explanation

1. ANTI CONTRACEPTIVES DRUGS

2. GROUP 4

3. OBJECTIVES

4. Common Effects of Contraceptive Drugs Irregular periods. Amenorrhea (absence of periods) Depression or anxiety Weight gain or loss Increased risk of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Changes in vaginal discharge

5. INTRODUCTION Anti-Contraceptive drugs ( contraceptives) , are pharmacological agents used to prevent pregnancy by interfering with the normal physiological processes of the female reproductive system. General mechanism These drugs are primarily designed to alter the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle to inhibit ovulation, fertilization, or implantation of a fertilized egg.

6. TERMINOLOGY Ovulation: is the process where a mature egg (ovum) is released from the ovarian follicle into the fallopian tube, ready for fertilization. Endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus, which thickens during the menstrual cycle to prepare for possible implantation of a fertilized egg. Progestin is a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone , which is naturally produced by the ovaries after ovulation. Estrogen (Estradiol) produced Ovarian Follicles Role : Promotes the thickening of the endometrium (lining of the uterus) in preparation for a potential pregnancy. It also regulates the release of FSH and LH through feedback mechanisms and prepares the cervix to allow sperm entry by thinning cervical muc us.

7. TERMINOLOGY Progesterone Produced by: Corpus Luteum (after ovulation) Role : progesterone stabilizes the endometrium and makes it more receptive to a fertilized egg. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): s a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH produced from anterior pituitary gland ): is a hormone responsible for stimulating the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. .

8. TYPES OF CONTRACEPTIVES Types of Anti-Contraceptive Drugs Hormonal Contraceptives Non-Hormonal Contraceptives Combined Hormonal Contraceptives Progestin-Only Contraceptives Barrier Methods Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

9. Hormonal Contraceptives They contain synthetic hormones like estrogen and progestin, which mimic natural hormones. General mechanism It preventing ovulation , thickening cervical mucus to block sperm, and thinning the uterine lining to prevent implantation.

10. Hormonal Contraceptives 1. Combined Hormonal Contraceptives (CHCs) Mechanism It suppressing ovulation (release of an egg from the ovary) through negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm penetration and alters the endometrium to prevent implantation. Indications Contraception (prevention of pregnancy). Regulation of menstrual cycles. Management of dysmenorrhea (painful periods) .

11. Combined Hormonal Contraceptives (CHCs ) Contraindications Liver diseases. Uncontrolled hypertension Women with a history of thromboembolic events. certain cancers such as breast cancer. Routes Oral, transdermal, vigina, Injectable route( less common)

12. Combined Hormonal Contraceptives (CHCs ) Examples of hormonal contraceptives Ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel (Seasonique). Ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone (Loestrin).

13. 2.Progestin-Only Contraceptives (POCs ) Mechanism Thickening cervical mucus to block sperm entry Thinning the endometrial lining to inhibit implantation. Indications Ideal for women who cannot take estrogen due to contraindications (e.g., history of blood clots, breastfeeding mothers). Contraindications : Contraindicated in patients with active liver disease, breast cancer, or unexplained vaginal bleeding.

14. 2.Progestin-Only Contraceptives (POCs) R outes of administration for Progestin-Only Contraceptives (POCs) Oral route : Progestin-only pills (also called "mini-pills"). Injectable route : Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) injections. Implantable route : Subdermal implants, such as Nexplanon. Intrauterine route : Progestin-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs), like Mirena. Example: Depo-Provera , Nexplanon , Mirena, Micronor (pills)

15. Non-Hormonal Contraceptives : Mechanism Create a physical barrier to prevent sperm from reaching the egg, such as condoms and diaphragms . Create an inflammatory response in the uterus that is toxic to sperm and eggs, preventing fertilization and implantation.

16. II.1. intrauterine devices. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are small, T-shaped devices that are inserted into the uterus to provide long-term contraception. Mechanism of Action Copper IUDs( 10-12 years) : These devices release copper ions, which are toxic to sperm, thereby preventing fertilization. They also create an inflammatory reaction in the uterus that hinders sperm movement and implantation of a fertilized egg. Hormonal IUDs(3 to 7 years) : These release progestin, which thickens cervical mucus to block sperm, thins the uterine lining to prevent implantation, and sometimes suppresses ovulation. Example: Copper IUD (Paragard), Hormonal IUD (Mirena)for heavy menstrual bleeding, Hormonal IUD (Kyleena). Both hormonal IUD are effective up to five years.

17. II.2. Barrier Methods Barrier methods are a form of contraception that prevent sperm from reaching the egg by creating a physical barrier. Types of Barrier Methods Male, female Condoms, Diaphragms, Cervical Cap, Spermicides, Contraceptive Sponges.

18. Non-Hormonal Contraceptives Indications To prevent pregnancy in sexually active individuals who prefer not to use hormonal methods. Allergy or contraindications to hormones. Breastfeeding( they do not affect milk production .) Contraindications Allergy or hypersensitivity( latex in condoms). Uterine abnormalities.