Anticonvulsant drugs.pptx

Definition of Seizure, Classsification, Mode of action, SAR of anti-epileptic drugs is described.

1. Anticonvulsants By Dr. Nidhi Gupta M.M. University, Mullana , Ambala, India

2. Seizure A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. It can cause changes in your behavior, movements or feelings, and in levels of consciousness. If you have two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, you have epilepsy. There are many types of seizures, which range in severity. Seizure types vary by where and how they begin in the brain. Most seizures last from 30 seconds to two minutes. A seizure that lasts longer than five minutes is a medical emergency.

3. SAR of anticonvulsants

4. Synthesis of Phenytoin According to reported procedure, it is synthesized by condensation of benzil and urea in presence of base (30% w/v NaOH ) using ethanol as solvent which itself acts as CNS stimulant

5. Ethosuximide synthesis Ethosuximide , 3-ethyl-3-methypyrrolidine-2,5-dione is synthesized from  methylethylketone  and cyanoacetic   ester , which are condensed in Knoevanagel reaction conditions. Then   hydrogen cyanide  is added to the resulting product. After acidic  hydrolysis  and  decarboxylation  of synthesized  dinitrile , 2-methyl-2-ethylsuccinic acid is formed . Reacting this product with  ammonia  gives the diammonium salt, and  heterocyclization  into the  ethosuximide   takes place during subsequent heating.

6. Carbamazepine synthesis