Antihypertensives drugs

1. PRESENTED BY:-

Dr Nikhil
Bansal
J.N.M.C.,Wardha


CLASSIFICATION OF
ANTIHYPERTENSIVES DRUGS

2. The drugs used in the treatment of
hypertension act by reducing the
cardiac output and/or reducing the
total peripheral resistance, without
correcting the cause.

3. CLASSIFICATION:-
1)Drugs acting centrally.
2)Drugs acting on autonomic ganglia.
3)Drugs acting on the postganglionic sympathetic nerve
ending.
4)Drugs acting on the adrenergic receptors.
5)Drugs acting on the vascular smooth muscle.
6)Potassium channel activators.
7)Drugs which block renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis.
8)Oral diuretics.
9)Miscellaneous.

4. Drugs acting centrally:-
(a)Alpha2 adrenergic receptor
stimulants:-
eg:- Clonidine and methyldopa
(b) Selective imidazole receptor (I-
receptor) Stimulant:-
eg:- Moxonidine

5. Drugs acting on the autonomic
ganglion:-

Ganglion blocking agents
eg:- Trimethaphan

6. Drugs acting on the postganglionic
sympathetic nerve endings:-

(a) Adrenergic neuron blockers
eg:- Guaenethidine, Bethanidine, Debrisoquine, Bretylium.

(b) Catecholamine depletors
eg:- Reserpine

7. Drugs acting on adrenergic receptors :-

(a) Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
eg:- Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosine,
Indoramine.

(b) Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
eg:- Propranol, Atenolol, Metopprolol.

(c) Both alpha and beta adrenergic blocking drugs
eg:- Labetalol

8. Drugs acting directly on the vascular
smooth muscle:-
(a)Arteriolar vasodilators
eg:- Calcium channel blockers, Hydralazine, Diazoxide,
Minoxidil
(b) Arteriolar-venular vasodilators
eg:-Sodium nitroprusside

9. .
Potassium channel activators:-
eg:-Diazoxide, Minoxidil, Pinacidil, Nicorandil.

10. Drugs which block renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone axis:-
(a)Those which block renin release
eg:- Beta-adrenergic blockers
(b) Those which block the conversion of angiotensin
I to angiotensin II:-
These drugs act by inhibiting the angiotensin
converting enzyme (ACE)
eg:- Captopril, Enalapril
(c) Those which competitively block angiotensin II
vascular receptors (ARB):
eg;- Losartan.
(d) Those which counterer the action of aldosterone
(Aldosterone antagonist):-
eg:- Spironolactone.

11. Oral diuretics:-
eg:-Thiazides
Miscellaneous:-
eg:- Metyrosine

12. It must be emphasized that
various antihypertensive
drugs may ultimately
reduce BP in humans by
more than one mechanism.

13. THANK YOU