Antipsychotic Drugs ppt.pptx

Antipsychotic drugs

1. ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Supervisor : Mrs. Sonia Sharma HOD (Psychiatric Nursing ). Presenter: Parul Prasher MSC(N ) 2 nd yr

2. Introduction Antipsychotic drugs (also called Neuroleptics or Major tranquilizers ) are used primarily to treat schizophrenia (a biologic illness), but they are also effective in other psychotic states, including manic states with psychotic symptoms such as grandiosity , paranoia , and hallucinations , and delusions.

3. DEFINITION The antipsychotic drugs are broadly defined as the drugs, which are used to treat the psychiatric disorders. The drugs are also called Neuroleptic agents as they reduce the agitation (a state of anxiety) and disturbed behaviour associated with delusion and hallucinations

4. Psychiatric illnesses which are treated with these drugs COGNITIVE DISORDERS DELIRIUM DEMENTIA

5. Paranoid State

6. CLASSIFICATION OF PSYCHOTIC DRUGS Typical and Atypical antipsychotic Typical antipsychotic drugs :  Are a class of  antipsychotic  drugs first developed in the 1950s and used to treat  psychosis  (in particular,  schizophrenia . Also called first generation drugs.

7. Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs :   Atypical antipsychotics  ( AAP ; also known as  second generation antipsychotics  ( SGAs )) are a group of  antipsychotic  drugs (antipsychotic drugs in general are also known as major  tranquilizers  and neuroleptics . Also called second generation drugs.

8. PHARMACODYNAMICS WHAT DO ALL ANTIPSYCHOTIC HAVE COMMON ? They reduce D opaminegic neurotransmission.

9. These drugs have potent dopaminergic D2 receptor blocking action in limbic system and in mesocortical region ,which is responsible for their antipsychotic action.

10. PHARMACOKINETICS Erratically absorbed from GIT Whereas ,IM and IV doses produce consistent effects Widely distributed in the tissues and often accumulate after repeated administration

11. These drugs crosses the BBB ( also cross the placental barrier and also enter the breast milk) They are metabolized in the liver and excreted through the bile and urine with in 18-30 hrs.

12. Points to remember : Excretion remains continued for months even after discontinuation of drugs due to cumulative effects. Dose adjustment is according to age as metabolism is faster in children and slow in elderly . Patient should be informed regarding long duration of treatment.

13. INDICATIONS

14. Contraindications CNS Depression. Bone Marrow Depression. Hypotension. Parkinsonism. Hepatic Dysfunction. Glaucoma.

15. SIDE EFFECTS

16. NURSES ROLE IN ADMINISTERING THE ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS Client is instructed not to abruptly stand to prevent fall due to orthostatic hypotension . Check vital signs before and after medication. Client is instructed to take sips of water frequently for avoiding of dry mouth; application of glycerine is also recommended. Increased intake of fluid and high fiber diet is recommended to avoid constipation.

17. Educate the client not to drive after taking medication. f. Educate the client to wear full sleeves and eye gears while going out in sun to avoid photosensitivity Educate the client not to drive after taking medication . Educate the client to wear full sleeves and eye gears while going out in sun to avoid photosensitivity

18. NURSING DIAGNOSIS Risk of injury related to Central nervous system effects Provide different comfort measures to the client like positioning of legs and arms . Provide safety measures to client to minimize the injuries like raising side rails, adequate lighting Adequate and continuous monitoring of client after the drug is given to the client . Educate the client and family members regarding side-effects of drug for better understanding and cooperation

19. Impaired physical activity related to extra pyramidal effect Provide the safe environment to the client like removing of harmful or injurious objects in environment. Report the doctor if there are excess tremors . Assist the client in performing the activities so that client gets minimal stresses out . Make client to sit comfortably till the motor restlessness gets relieved.

20. Risk of activity intolerance related to sedation, weakness (side-effects ) Minimize the excess exhaustion of the client and provide adequate rest. Help the client to perform minor activities if any. Educate client and family not to operate any dangerous equipment’s.

21. Bibliography . Davidson M, Kahn RS, Stern RG, et al. Treatment with clozapine and its effect on plasma homovanillic acid and norepinephrine concentrations in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1993;46: 151–163.(online book s tore) Gupta BM, Har K, Avinash K. Dementia research in India: A scientometric analysis of research output during 2002-11. Ann Libr Inf Stud 2011;59:280-8 . https://www.google.com/search?q=pharmacokinetics+of+antipsychotic+drugs+flow+chart&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqxOez37njAhV27XMBHYcLDTAQ_AUICygA&biw=1366&bih=566&dpr=1