Antomy of Ear,Nose and Throat

Description of Anatomy and Physiology

1. Anatomy and Physiology of ENT Prepared By : Mihir . M.Patel , Nursing Tutor,GCON,Siddhpur .

2. Anatomy of Ear The ear is the organ of hearing and is also involved in Balance. It is supplied by the 8 th cranial nerve i.e. Vestibulocochlear nerve. The ear is divided into three large parts: The External ear The Middle ear The Inner ear

3. External Ear The outer ear comprises the pinna and the external auditory meatus. The outer part of this is cartilaginous. The deep part is bony. The cartilaginous meatus contains hair follicles and glands which secrete wax. The hair follicles extend only for a short distance into the ear and are not found in the deeper parts of the external meatus. The external meatus varies in size and form with growth.

4. Middle Ear The Middle Ear Includes; The Tympanum The Eustachian tube The Mastoid antrum and cells

5. Inner Ear The semicircular canals in the inner ear are part of our balance system. The cochlea is a bony structure shaped like a snail and filled with two fluids (endolymph and perilymph). The Organ of Corti is the sensory receptor inside the cochlea which holds the hair cells, the nerve receptors for hearing.

6. Nose and Paranasal Sinuses External Nose The external nose is supported by bone and cartilage. The bony part is formed mainly by the nasal bones on each side, and the frontal process of the maxillary bone. The cartilaginous portion is formed by several cartilages which support and give shape to the lower part of the nose and nasal tip.

7. Nasal Function 1.Olfaction 2.Filtration 3.Humidification and Warming of the Air Passing to the Lungs. 4.Vocal resonance 5.Aesthetic Function

8. Pharynx Descriptive Purposes Pharynx is divided into three parts:Nasopharynx, Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx. Structure: The wall of the Pharynx contains several types of tissue. Mucous Membrane Lining Sub mucosa Smooth Muscle Function: Passageway for Air and Food Warming and Humidifying Taste Hearing Protection Speech

9. Larynx/Voice Box Position: It lies at the level of the 3 rd , 4 th , 5 th and 6 th cervical vertebrae. Structure: The larynx is composed of several irregularly shaped cartilages attached to each other by ligaments and membranes. The Main cartilages are; 1 Thyroid Cartilage 1 Cricoid Cartilage 2 Arytenoid Cartilages 1 Epiglottis Function: Production of Sound Speech Protection of the Lower Respiratory Tract Passageway for Air Humidifying, Filtering and Warming.