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1. Program Evaluation and Review Technique [PERT] By: Anu Saju 6th semester BSc.Nursing

2. PERT PERT is a method of analysing the task involved in completing a given project, especially the time needed to complete each task,and to identify the minimum time needed to complete the total project. It is a procedure through which activities of a project are represented in its appropriate sequence and timing .

3. OBJECTIVE OF PERT To facilitate decision-making and to reduce the time and the cost required to complete a project .

4. PURPOSES Minimize the total time to complete project Minimize idle resources Identify any potential problems Minimize any delay in implementation of the plan Allow better communicate between the various levels of management

5. PERT CHART It is a graphical representation of the activities of a project showing the sequence that has to be performed continuously.It has a critical path of the task that has to be finished in time. In PERT,the time required for activities is based on the assumption that every activity’s duration follows a probability distribution instead of being a single value.

6. CONT… OPTIMISTIC TIME : The shortest possible amount of time each task/activity will take REALISTIC TIME : The most probable amount of time, ie .,how much time is required to complete the activity under normal circumstances PESSIMISTIC TIME : The longest amount of time,task might take if things don’t go as planned

7. STEPS IN PERT PLANNING PROCESS Identify the specific activities and milestones Determine the proper sequence of the activities Construct a network diagram Estimate the time required for each activity Determine the critical path Update the PERT chart

8. PERT FORMULA Expected duration of a task , E= (O+(4 x M) +P)/6 O- Optimistic time M-Most likely time P-Pessimistic time Standard deviation in PERT= (P-O)/6

9. CONCEPTS/TERMS USED IN PERT CHARTS NODES/CIRCLES=Project events ARROWS/LINES=Activities SEQUENCE/SPECIFIC MANNER=Dependent tasks SAME STAGE=Parallel tasks

10. CONT… PERT Event -The start or end of a task Slack -Amount of time a task can be delayed without causing an overall delay to the task Critical Path -longest task sequence of a project Critical Path activity -An activity with no slack

11. CONT… Lead time -The time within which a task or activity should be completed without impacting the following ones Lag time -The earliest time in which a task can followed another Network diagram -A type of diagram used for project management charts. Eg:AoA Predecessor -An activity that precedes another,and must finish before its successor can start.

12. DRAWING A PERT CHART

13. ADVANTAGES It helps maximize the use of resources and prevents loss of money,material and time It makes project planning more manageable Entire project data can be organized and used for decision –making It prevents overlapping of activities and creates better understanding of the task activities It’s useful even if there is little or no previous schedule data It enables managers to better estimate or determine a more definite completion date

14. DISADVANTAGES It entails a subjective time analysis of activities and may require an expert guidance[highly knowledgeable and skilled person] It can be tedious to update,modify,and maintain the PERT diagram Approximation of time estimate can lead to errors in evaluation of time duration work Categorizing the activities may be difficult when they are more in numbers Lack of trained staff to adopt PERT technique

15. APPLICATION OF PERT Management development and organizational planning Research and development Develop and administer various training programs