APA 7th Edition Abstract and Title pages

Gives insight on APA and title pages

1. APA 7th Edition Abstract, Reference/ Citations, and Title Page

2. Objectives p 2 College English Page 2 After this PowerPoint students should be able to: Define the term Abstract State the types of Abstract Define APA Citation and APA Reference and the different styles. Give the meaning of a Title Page and the different types of Title Pages. Complete the games and activities given from each section of the PowerPoint.

3. What is an Abstract? Page 3

4. An abstract is a short statement about your paper. It also provides an outline of the paper and gives readers a complete understanding of the research. "As stated above, a well-prepared abstract allows the readers to promptly and accurately point out the basic content of the paper. Therefore, no one would want to read a text that has a boring abstract or one that is all over the place." p 4 Page 4 As stated by (Bentley et al., 1929, p. 57).

5. Informative- It presents and explains all the main arguments and the important results and evidence in the complete article/paper/book. It includes the information that can be found in a descriptive abstract but also includes the results and conclusions of the research An informative abstract is rarely more than 10% of the length of the entire work but can be less if the work is longer. Critical- A critical abstract provides in addition to describing the main findings and information, a judgment or comment about the study's validity, reliability, or completeness. It is also a critical evaluation of the document. An abstractor evaluates the document and often compares it with other works on the same subject. Types of Abstract Descriptive- Descriptive abstract indicates the type of information found in the work. It makes no judgments about the work, nor does it provide results or conclusions. Descriptive abstracts are usually very short and contain keywords and may include the purpose, methods, and scope of the research. p 5 page 5 https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/abstracts/

6. What is the purpose of an abstract? A n abstract has multiple purposes, such as: Let the readers get the main point of your paper or article quickly and decide whether it's worth their time to read the full paper or article. Prepares readers to follow the detailed information, analyses, and arguments in the full paper or article. Helps readers remember key points from the paper or article.   NB: The link also contains samples. p 6 Page 6 According to https://writing.wisc.edu

7. Abstracts typically are limited to no more than 250 words. This provides the readers with a quick overview of your essay or report. If you are submitting work for publication, check the journal’s instructions for authors for abstract length and formatting requirements, which may be different from those of APA journals. Abstracts in paragraph format are written as a single paragraph without indentation of the first line. Structured abstracts are also written as a single paragraph without indentation, and labels are inserted to identify various sections (e.g., Objective, Method, Results, Conclusions); use the labels and formatting prescribed by the journal to which you are submitting your manuscript (e.g., APA journals use bold italic for the labels). NOTES: Place the abstract on its own page after the title page. Write the section label “Abstract” in bold title case, centered at the top of the page, and place the abstract below the label. Abstracts may appear in a paragraph or structured format. p 7 page 7

8. When writing an abstract, it must contain the following:   • Key aspects of the literature review • Problem under investigation or research question(s) • Methods used (including brief descriptions of the study design, sample, and sample size) • Study results • Implications (i.e., why this study is important, applications of the results or findings) • Clearly stated hypothesis or hypotheses   p 8 Page 8 " Can anyone tell me what a hypothesis is?" A proposition made as a basis for reasoning, without any assumption of its truth .

9. Recommended Fonts 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 10-point Lucida Sans, 12-point Times New Roman, 11-point Georgia, or 10-point Computer Modern 2-in-1 margins on all side's placement: Second page of the paper section label: “Abstract ” Centered and in bold W ritten as a single paragraph Double-spaced p 9 Abstract Fonts Page 9

10. Examples of Abstract p 10 page 10 https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/abstracts/

11. Abstract Poem Just like pages of reports, but an abstract concisely reports the aims and outcomes of your research. It is a short summary of a longer work so that teachers may not have to use too much effort. The structure may vary slightly depending on your discipline, but an abstract should describe the purpose of your labor. A common way to structure your abstract is to use the IMRAD structure. Which stands for the introduction, methods, and results of your research. p 11 Page 11

12. What is a Reference/Citation? Page 12

13. A reference citation is documentation needed to make your paper acceptable for academic purposes. It gives authoritative sources for your statements, helps the reader gain access to those sources, and acknowledges the fact that the information used in a paper did not originate with the writer.   Citation is a quotation or an explicit reference to a source of information. When writing a paper of any kind, it is vital that you cite your sources accurately. p 13 Page 13 As stated by https://literaryterms.net/apa-citation/

14. APA style uses the author/date method of citation in which the author's last name and the year of the publication are inserted in the actual text of the paper. Examples: Williams, French, and Joseph (1962) found... Williams et al. (1962) recommended... “The actual boundaries of the grammatical abstraction called a sentence" (Shaughnessy, 1977, p. 24) or about which form of punctuation they should use. Seidenberg and McClelland’s study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993) p 14 Page 14 What is APA’s style of Citation? https://www.bibliography.com/apa/apa-book-reference-examples/

15. Citation: “And the child smiled on the Giant, and said to him, 'You let me play once in your garden, today you shall come with me to my garden, which is Paradise.” Oscar Wilde(1888)   The Selfish Giant

16. APA style suggests using a reference list for references cited in the text of a paper rather than a bibliography. Arrange entries in alphabetical order by surname of the first author. Examples: Castle, E. B. (1970). The teacher. London: Oxford University Press American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author. Medley, D. M. (1983). Teacher effectiveness. In H. E. Mitzel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of educational research (Vol. 4, pp. 1894-1903). New York: The Free Press. p 16 Page 16 What is APA Reference?

17. Reference : The Selfish Giant can refer to One of the five stories in the collection The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888) by Oscar Wilde. The Selfish Giant (1972 film), a Canadian animated film adaptation. The Selfish Giant (2013 film), a British film.

18. What is a Title Page? Page 15

19. According to the internet, a title is a name given to something (such as a book, song, or job) to identify or describe it. The title should be a succinct statement of the paper. As expected, a title page is the first page of a book and it includes important information such as: the title, subtitle, author, publisher, edition etc. However, there are both a professional and a student version of a title page. p 19 Page 19 What is Title and Title Page?

20. Professional Title Page: A professional title page is usually longer than a student’s version of the title page. This is because it has more elements which includes: Running head Page number Paper title Author (s) Affiliations Author (s) note Student Title Page: This is usually done according to instructions/guidelines given by an instructor or professor usually a specific style of formatting is given to students which determines the elements. These elements include: Page number Page title Author (s) Affiliations Course Instructor Due date Types of Title Page p 20 page 20

21. Professional Title Page

22. Student Title Page