How to create a Bibliography: using the APA Referencing Style
What is a Bibliography? A Bibliography is a list of all material used in the preparation of your assignment. It is usually in alphabetical order of author's surname. If a resource has no author, list it in alphabetical order by the first 3 letters of the title, ignoring the words A, and The at the beginning of a title. ?
Hints : Remember to write down the bibliographic details of a resource as you use it. Don't wait until the end of the assignment, when you have returned some of the resources, and think 'which book did I use? Where is it?'
What bibliographic details do I need to reference different types of resources?
Book Author's surname, author's initial. Publication date (in brackets). Title – italics. Place of publication: Publisher. Kourik , R. (2010). The lavender garden . San Francisco: Chronicle Books
Book chapter Author's surname, author's initial – of chapter Publication date (in brackets). Title of chapter Author's surname, author's initial – of book Title of book – italics. Pages of chapter Place of publication: Publisher. Prinze , T .P . (2001) . Colours of the rainbow. In F.M. Hood & T.S. Center (Eds.). Colour spectrums. (pp. 7 4-85) . New York, NY: Scott Press.
Journal article Author surname, Initial Publication date - in brackets Title of article', Title of periodical - italics, Volume, Number in brackets Page number Smith, M., & Brown, L. ( 2010) . A look at gaming in education. Schools and Education, 12 ( 6), 123-134.
Electronic journal article from online database Author surname, Initial Publication date - in brackets Title of article', Title of periodical - italics, Volume, Number in brackets Page number . Retrieved from – URL of online database Baker, V., Smiths, K., & Dodd, Y. ( 2010) . Changing careers in mid stream. Australian Journal of Careers, 23 ( 4 ) , 19–25 . Retrieved from http :// www.jstor.org /
Newspaper article Author surname, Initial. Publication date - in brackets Title of article', Title of newspaper - italics, Page number. Shaw, P. ( 2011, May 12). Mining shares drop, The Australian , p.12.
Encyclopedia article Author's surname, author's initial – of article Publication date (in brackets). Title of article. Volume number and pages of encyclopedia Place of publication: Publisher B arker , D. (2007) . Tiger cubs. In International encyclopedia of animals. (Vol. 3, pp. 22 - 27 ). New York: N.Y.: Notable Press .
Audio Visual Material Surname and initials of producer . Surname and initials of writer/director P roduction date (in brackets) Title in italics Media type in square brackets Place of production Studio name Movie: Scorsese , M. (Producer), & Lonergan , K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures . DVD : same as above but [DVD] in square brackets TV program : Crystal , L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The MacNeil /Lehrer news hour [Television broadcast]. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service.
Webpage with an author . Author surname and initials Date webpage created – in brackets . Hint: you will find this at the bottom of the page Title of web page in italics Retrieved and date retrieved from full URL Luikkonen ,P. (2008). Roald Dahl (1916-1990). Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http :// kirjasto.sci.fi / rdahl.htm
Webpage with no author . Title of webpage in italics Date webpage created (in brackets ) Hint: you will find this at the bottom of the page Retrieved and date retrieved from full URL Roald Dahl. (2011) Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http:// www.roalddahl.com /.
Personal communication Forms of personal communication include letters, telephone conversations, personal interviews and e-mail messages. These are not included in your bibliography as they cannot be traced by the reader. You should refer to your source in the text of your assignment ( in-text referencing ) . Examples: D. Scott reported that 111 mm of rain fell in Turramurra yesterday.(personal communication, October 10, 2010) . …races. ( S.Smith , personal communication, May 24, 2011). . .