Apiculture-Honey bee rearing It is a art of rearing honey bees.pptx

Apiculture- Honey bee rearing.
It is a art of rearing honey bees.

1. Apiculture (Bees and Beekeeping) - Miss Shiwangi Paidarker Assistant Agriculture Officer, ZAO, Dharbandora 1

2. INTRODUCTION TO BEEKEEPING APICULTURE is the science and culture of honey bees and their management. Indian hive bee colonies can be procured and kept in modern wooden hives at desired location. Knowledge of the habits of bees M aterials Locations should have ample flowers, shelter and a water source nearby. Chemical sprays should not be used as it harms the bees. Bees use readily available natural food. Farmers, Beekeepers and Bees are most important. It needs relatively small investment. It uses little land and the quality of land is not important. It is a flexible activity for people of all ages. It creates work for local craftsmen who make equipments. 2

3. Benefits of Honey bee rearing Increases the yield of seed and fruits Improves quality Bee pollination also increases oil content in sunflower It is must in some self incompatible crops for seed set.

4. FOOD & MEDICINAL VALUE OF HONEY Preservative food, food stored. With lime recommended for health. Maintains body temperature in cold places. Players, swimmers, mountaineers use for continuous energy supply . For cough & respiratory problems . Antiseptic – for burns. Good for health, diabetic patients. Good for infants & aged . 6

5. 7 1. Apis dorsata / Rock bee Konge Comb size- 1 ½ X 1 m Toung length – 6.68 mm Foraging- 5 to 6 km 2. Apis carana indica Satorde / sateri / satpode Comb size- 20X25cm Toung length- 4.5-6 mm Foraging- 1.5-2 km Yield- 15-20 kg 3. Apis floria Badriari Comb size- 20X 15 Cm Toung length- 3.5mm Yield- 250-300 gm TYPES OF HONEY BEE

6. 8 4. Apis mellifera (European honey bee) Comb size- 45 X 25 Cm Toung length- 6.4-6.7 mm Foraging range- 1.5-2 km Yield- 60-70 kg 5.Trigona Iridipennis (Stingless bees) Yield 250 to 500gms of honey. F oraging up to 1.5km . Also known as Dammar bees.

7. 9 CASTE OF HONEY BEES THE BEE COLONY (FAMILY)

8. 10 THE QUEEN ‘Mother of the colony’ Queen is larger than worker and longer than the drone. Wings are shorter in proportion to her body length. long tapering abdomen. When undisturbed a mated laying queen usually be found on or near the comb containing the eggs near the hive. length is 15mm Purpose in life- lays eggs 500 flora -1000/day for 2-3years.(EGG LAYING MACHINE) These eggs may hatch into drones(male), workers or new queen. She lays the type of eggs she feels the colony needs. Food is provided by the workers. Eggs to queen – 16days, within 2-3days queen flies from hive and mate with one or more drone. Come back in the hive and start laying eggs. life 4-5years. Old queen might be swarmed or new queen or worker kills the old queen.

9. THE DRONE Number varies seasonally only. Male bees in hive seasonally. Little food – No drones. Honey collecting season – up to 1000 drones. Season over - food water scarce- driven out to die. An egg into adult - 24days. Does no work in the hive. He mates with queen outside the hive and die. Larger and fatter than the queen or the workers. Big eyes, strong wings and short tongue. He takes food from workers and from stored honey. Does not have legs fit to carry pollen. unable to produce wax. No stinger to defend himself. Children enjoy handling drones. 11

10. THE WORKER There are 5000 to 75000 worker bees in the colony. They do house and field work. Clean the hive - 1-3day. Feed the larvae – 4-6day. Feed the small larvae – 7-10day. Feed the queen and care – 11-12day. Build wax comb….13-18day. Remain in the hive to guard against enemies 19-21days. Some go out to bring water, pollen, nectar and propolis (bee glue) 21days old. Control temperature of the hive= Workers eat honey to produce heat in cold. Fan their wings to keep the cool in hot weather. An Egg to worker – 21days. Honey collecting period. Live 6weeks. Worker has special legs equipped with pollen baskets. glands that produce wax. The scent necessary for carrying out many duties. Workers are smaller than drone and queen. They have stinger. When worker stings something the sting remains behind and bee dies . 12

11. CELLS The cells of the queen, Drone & Workers are different. H exagonal in shape Honey bees live in wax comb. Combs are six sided wax cells. They are strong and house the brood ( immature bees) during development. Provide storage space for honey and pollen. 14

12. Parts of the Bee

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14. SITE SELECTION FOR APIARY Site should be easily accessible by road Availability of fresh running water Natural/ artificial wind breaks Site should receive morning and afternoon sunshine. Direction of bee box should be in east direction. Climatic conditions (Temperature, Rainfall, wind crop management) should be favourable . They depend for their food on plants. Plants provide them Nectar, (Carbohydrates) Pollen(Protein), Shelter. Bees help plants for cross pollination. Bees can accurately visit flowers when nectar is secreted and pollen grains are produced . Host plant- Reetha , oil palm, jamun

15. Structure of bee hive and equipments used

16. QUEEN CELL FORMED 21

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18. DEC-JAN Harsh Period for bees Winter protection Supplementary Feeding Migration of Colonies To better floral areas. SEP – NOV 2 ND best season for bees Strengthening of colonies. Many extractions. Shifting colonies under sun and migration to better floral areas. JUL-AUG Most Harsh Period Dearth Period feeding. Migration of colonies Uniting weak colonies. Control wasp s , wax moth and ants. MAY -JUNE Harsh Period for bees Honey Extraction Thermo regulation Migration of colonies Provision of shade, space and water. BEEKEEPING FEB-APRIL Best season for bees Provision for space. Strengthening Colonies Migration to better Division of Colonies/ Queen rearing, control of disease & enemies. SEASONAL BEE MANAGEMENT 23

19. ENEMIES OF BEES Moths 7. Rats 2. Ants 8. Frogs 3.Yellow harnet , wasps 9. Owl 4. Snails 10. Bear 5.Lizard 11. Birds 6. Mangoose 24

20. DISEASES Nosema disease. European foul - brood Ameican foul – brood Sac foul – brood Thai sac brood virus(TSBV) Chalk foul – brood and stone brood disease. 25

21. Attacked by Wax moth 26

22. WHEN BEES STING? Self and colony protection Absence of queen in hive. When bees of other colony try steal. Rough handling. Unfavourable climate. Inspecting hive by interrupting bees hive entry. Bad smell Suspicion as enemy. Presence of queen cell in the hive Increased enemy attack. Removing the honey. 27

23. HOW TO AVOID BEE STING Use gloves, cap with net . Smearing green leaf extract. Smearing onion juice. Smearing honey. 28

24. HONEY EXTRACTOR AND UNCAPPING KNIFE 29

25. C reative retailing of honey, honeycomb , wax, and pollen. Bee Venom In addition, a bee colony can provide valuable pollination on the producer’s own farm . Guide/ Apicultrist A carpenter Apiculture: A Source of income

26. 32 THANK YOU