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Anemia aplastic

1. The Superior University (Nursing Campus) Topic : Aplastic Anemia Presented To : Madam Amber Sarfraz Presented By : Aoun Muhammad’s Group GROUP MEMBERS: HORAIB, IHTASHAM, SAADULLAH, SHABAN, SHEHROSH, TAYYAB ALI

2. Contents Introduction of Aplastic Anemia Definition of Aplastic Anemia Etiology of Aplastic Anemia Clinical Features of Aplastic Anemia Risk Factors of Aplastic Anemia Diagnosis of Aplastic Anemia Complications of Aplastic Anemia Treatment of Aplastic Anemia Nursing Management.

3. Introduction Despite its name, aplastic anemia, or bone marrow failure, is more than anemia. Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious blood condition that occurs when your bone marrow cannot make enough new blood cells for your body to work normally. It can develop quickly or slowly, and it can be mild or serious.

4. Definition A severe, life threatening syndrome in which production of Erythrocytes, WBC’s and Platelets has failed is called Aplastic Anemia Pancytopenia with Hypocellularity of Bone Marrow

5. There are two types of aplastic anemia: Inherited aplastic: anemia occurs because of a random gene mutation. It is most common in children and younger adults. Acquired aplastic: anemia occurs because of an immune system problem. It is most common in older adults, but can occur in younger adults. Types

6. Etiology of Aplastic Anemia Aplastic anemia is caused by  damage to stem cells inside your bone marrow , which is the sponge-like tissue within your bones. Many diseases and conditions can damage the stem cells in bone marrow. As a result, the bone marrow makes fewer red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets .

7. Symptoms of Aplastic Anemia Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Rapid or irregular heart rate. Pale skin. Frequent or prolonged infections. Unexplained or easy bruising. Nosebleeds and bleeding gums. Prolonged bleeding from cuts.

8. Risk Factors of Aplastic Anemia A history of autoimmune disorders. A history of viral infection, such as hepatitis. Pregnancy. The use of certain medicines, such as sulfonamides and antiseizure medications. Long-term exposure to pesticides and certain chemicals, such as benzene.

9. Diagnosis Bone marrow biopsy: The sample is examined under a microscope to rule out other blood-related diseases. In aplastic anemia, bone marrow contains fewer blood cells than normal. Confirming a diagnosis of aplastic anemia requires a bone marrow biopsy

10. Complications Excessive Bleeding, Leukemia, or other serious blood conditions. Without treatment, aplastic anemia can lead to serious medical conditions such as: An irregular heartbeat Heart failure

11. Treatment Treatment for aplastic anemia might include  medications  Therapy with drugs that suppress the immune system, such as  anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)  and  cyclosporine  may be recommended instead. Another drug for severe aplastic anemia, called  eltrombopag is used Blood transfusions or a stem cell transplant , also known as a bone marrow transplant

12. NURSING MANAGEMRNT Assist the client in developing a schedule for daily activity and rest. Educate energy-conservation techniques. Instruct the client about medications that may stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow. Provide supplemental oxygen therapy as needed. Anticipate the need for the transfusion of packed RBCs .