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1. Oxidative Phase of HMP Shunt By: Apoorva Singh MBBS 1 st year Batch(2023) Reg No. 230101082

2. Oxidative Phase of the Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) Shunt The oxidative phase of the HMP shunt is a crucial metabolic pathway Generates NADPH A vital cofactor essential for various cellular processes Antioxidant defense and biosynthetic reactions

3. Overview of the HMP Shunt [1] Glucose Metabolism The HMP shunt diverges from the glycolytic pathway , providing an alternative route for glucose breakdown. [2] NADPH Production The oxidative phase of the HMP shunt is the primary source of NADPH, a crucial cellular reducing agent. [3] Anabolic Reactions The NADPH generated in the HMP shunt powers numerous anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleotide synthesis.

4. Enzymes Involved in the Oxidative Phase [1] Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase(G6PD) This rate-limiting enzyme catalyzes the first and committed step of the oxidative phase, converting glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphoglucano- δ - lactone. [2] 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase This enzyme further oxidizes 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose-5-phosphate, generating another molecule of NADPH. [3] Transketolase and Transaldolase These enzymes facilitate the non-oxidative phase of the HMP shunt, allowing the recycling of intermediates back into glycolysis

5. Reactions and Pathways of the Oxidative Phase [1] Glucose-6-phosphate Oxidation Glucose-6-phosphate Oxidized to 6-phosphoglucano- δ -lactone , generating the first molecule of NADPH. [2] 6-Phosphogluconate Decarboxylation 6-Phosphogluconate is further oxidized and decarboxylated to ribulose-5-phosphate, producing another NADPH molecule. [3] Ribulose-5-phosphate Isomerization Ribulose-5-phosphate is isomerized to ribulose-5-phosphate, which can then enter the non-oxidative phase of the HMP shunt.

6. Significance of the Oxidative Phase