APPLICATION OF NANO-TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL FIELD

Nanotechnology in various medical application

1. Presented by, KANCHAN D. RAMTEKE MT17MCL011

2. Nanotechnology? It is the study of controlling and manipulating matter on an atomic and/or molecular scale. It deals with structures the size of 100 nanometers or smaller in at least one dimension. A disruptive technology, with a potential to change the world as we know it today. It’s a very diverse technology

3. According to Feynman, Albert R. Hibbs -a noted mathematician originally suggested to him “The idea of a medical use for Feynman's theoretical micromachines ” Albert R. Hibbs suggests a very interesting possibility for relatively small machines. He says that… “It would be interesting in surgery if you could swallow the surgeon. You put the mechanical surgeon inside the blood vessel and it goes into the heart and ``looks'' around … It finds out which valve is the faulty one and takes a little knife and slices it out. Other small machines might be permanently incorporated in the body to assist some inadequately-functioning organ”. What Feynman and Hibbs considered a possibility, today is becoming a reality.

4. The different fields that find potential applications of nanotechnology are as follows:

5. In nanotechnology nano particles are used for site specific drug delivery. In this technique the required drug dose is used and side-effects are lowered significantly as the active agent is deposited in the morbid region only. This highly selective approach can reduce costs and pain to the patients. Thus variety of nano particles such as dendrimers , and nano porous materials find application. Micelles obtained from block co-polymers, are used for drug encapsulation. They transport small drug molecules to the desired location. Similarly, nano electromechanical systems are utilized for the active release of drugs. Iron nano particles or gold shells are finding important application in the cancer treatment. A targeted medicine reduces the drug consumption and treatment expenses, making the treatment of patients cost effective.

6. With nanotechnology, minute surgical instruments and robots can be made which can be used to perform microsurgeries on any part of the body. Instead of damaging a large amount of the body, these instruments would be precise and accurate, targeting only the area where surgery should be done.

7. Visualization of surgery can also be improved. Instead of a surgeon holding the instrument, computers can be used to control the nano -sized surgical instruments. “ Nanocameras ” can provide close up visualization of the surgery Less chance of any mistakes or faults Surgery could also be done on tissue, genetic and cellular levels.

8. Nanoparticles have high surface area to volume ratio. This allows for many functional groups to be attached to a nanoparticle, which can seek out and bind to certain tumor cells. Additionally , the small size of nanoparticles (10 to 100 nanometers), allows them to preferentially accumulate at tumor sites (because tumors lack an effective lymphatic drainage system ).   Limitations to conventional cancer chemotherapy include drug resistance, lack of selectivity, lack of solubility. Nanoparticles have the potential to overcome these problems .

9. Photodynamic therapy A particle is placed within the body and is illuminated with light from the outside. The light gets absorbed by the particle and if the particle is metal, energy from the light will heat the particle and surrounding tissue . Light may also be used to produce high energy oxygen molecules which will chemically react with and destroy most organic molecules that are next to them (like tumors). This therapy is appealing for many reasons. It does not leave a "toxic trail" of reactive molecules throughout the body (chemotherapy) because it is directed where only the light is shined and the particles exist. Photodynamic therapy has potential for a noninvasive procedure for dealing with diseases, growth and tumors.

10. Nanorobots What are they? • Nanorobots are nanodevices . • Diameters and dimensions. • To repair or detect damages and infections. • Exfuse themselves through human excretory system.

11. Nano-robotics, although having many applications in other areas, have the most useful and variety of uses in medical fields. Potential applications include early diagnosis and targeted drug delivery for cancer, biomedical instrumentation, surgery, pharmacokinetics, monitoring of diabetes, and health care. Future medical nanotechnology expected to employ nanorobots injected into the patient to perform treatment on a cellular level.

12. Therapeutic Applications – cleaning of mouth. A mouthwash full of smart nanomachines could identify and destroy pathogenic bacteria while allowing the harmless flora of the mouth to flourish in a healthy ecosystem Four remote-controlled nanorobots examine and clean the subocclusal surfaces of a patient's teeth, near the gum line.

13. Nano-Med Cell Repair Animation Nanorobots could actually be programmed to repair specific diseased cells

14. Blood clots are actually a good thing, saving us from a lot of trouble. W hen there’s an injury :-Blood clots are healthy and life saving when they stop bleedings. T hey can also form when they shouldn’t, causing heart attacks and other serious problems.

15. Real Steel

16. Efficient Drug Delivery Repairing Body Cells Becomes Easy Replacing Abnormal Genes Non-invasive Imaging Tools

17. Nanotechnology and its Applications in Medicine et al Anna Pratima Nikalje http :// dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0444.1000247 https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomedicine https:// www.omicsonline.org/open-access/nanotechnology-and-its-applications-in-medicine-2161-0444-1000247.php?aid=41535 https://www.zmescience.com/medicine/blood-clot-nanotechnology-08082015 / References

18. Thank You