APPLICATIONS OF ELISA .pptx (Introduction,principle and applications)

Gives information regarding general principle of ELISA and various applications of it

1. APPLICATIONS OF ELISA

2. ELISA is the abbreviation of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. It is a non-isotopic immunoassay. It is a qualitative/quantitative immunological procedures in which the Antigen-Antibody reaction is monitored by enzyme measurements. ELISA QUALITATIVE/QUANTITATIVE Qualitative: Determines antigen or antibody is present or absent. Quantitative: Determines the quantity of antibody.

3. PRINCIPLE OF ELISA ELISA works on the principle that specific antibodies bind the target antigen and detect the presence and quantity of antigens binding. In order to increase the sensitivity and precision of the assay, the plate must be coated with antibodies with high affinity. ELISA can provide a useful measurement of antigen-antibody concentration.

4. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE ELISAs can be used in many settings, including rapid antibody screening tests for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), detection of other viruses, bacteria, fungi, autoimmune diseases, food allergens, blood typing, presence of the pregnancy hormone hCG , laboratory and clinical research, forensic toxicology, and many other diagnostic settings.

5. APPLICATIONS OF ELISA Medical Diagnosis: ELISA is extensively used in medical diagnostics to detect the presence of specific antibodies or antigens in patient samples, such as blood, serum, or urine. It is commonly employed for diagnosing infectious diseases like HIV, Hepatitis C and B, and Lyme disease.

6. Drug Screening and development: ELISA is employed in drug development and screening processes to assess the effectiveness of potential drugs on specific target molecules and validates the binding of drugs to specific biomolecules. Quality Control in Biotechnology: ELISA is used in biotechnology industries to ensure the quality and consistency of products, such as vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and recombinant proteins.

7. Allergen Detection: ELISA is employed to detect allergens in pharmaceutical products, particularly in vaccines and other injectables, to ensure patient safety and compliance with regulations. Diagnostic Test Kits: Pharmaceutical companies often develop ELISA-based diagnostic test kits for various diseases. These kits are used in clinical settings to detect specific antibodies or antigens, aiding in disease diagnosis.

8. Pregnancy Tests: Home pregnancy tests and clinical pregnancy tests rely on ELISA to detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) hormone in urine, indicating pregnancy. Food Safety Testing: ELISA plays a crucial role in food safety by detecting allergens, pathogens, or contaminants in food products. For example, it can identify traces of peanuts in processed foods to prevent allergic reactions.

9. Biomedical Research: ELISA is a valuable tool in biomedical research to study various biological processes, including protein-protein interactions, cytokine assays, and hormone analysis. Researchers use it to quantify specific proteins and monitor their expression levels in different experimental conditions. Autoimmune Disease Detection: ELISA assists in diagnosing autoimmune disorders by detecting autoantibodies present in the patient's blood that react against their own body tissues.

10. ELISA is also used to measure the hormone levels such as: HCG (As a test for pregnancy) Luteinizing hormone (Determining the time of ovulation) Thyroid-stimulating hormone,T3 and T4 (For thyroid function)

11. Quality Control: ELISA is utilized in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes to ensure the quality and consistency of the final product. It can detect impurities or contaminants, helping maintain product safety and efficacy.