Applications of mass spectroscopy in pharmacy(including other sectors)

Applications of mass spectroscopy in pharmacy(including other sectors).Applications of mass spectroscopy.
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1. WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION M R Sumon Sarkar Department of Pharmacy

2. Applications of mass spectroscopy in pharmacy

3. Contents: What is mass spectroscopy ? Instrumentation. Applications in pharmacy. a wide range of applications of mass spectroscopy . Conclusion. References.

4. What IS MASS SPECTROSCOPY? Mass spectroscopy (MS) is an advanced technique for determining the molecular weight of a compound. The first mass spectrometer was developed in 1912 by J.J. Thompson . Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to- • quantify known materials, • to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and • to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules.

5. Instrumentation The instrument consists of five major components:

6. a wide range of applications of mass spectroscopy:

7. biotechnology P roteins, peptide analysis. Metallurgy D etermination of rare earth metals and metals at ppq (parts per quadrillion ). Geological O il composition, hydrocarbon fraction determination in petroleum industry. clinical N eonatal screening, hemoglobin analysis, drug testing. environmental W ater quality, food contamination, pollutant determination. forensic P oison and drug metabolite determination . Biochemistry Chemical modification, molecular weight determination.

8. Applications in pharmacy

9. Phytochemical analysis: Mass spectroscopy(MS) is widely employed in phytochemical analysis due to its capability to identify and measure metabolites having very low molecular weight at very low concentration ranges below n ano gram per milliliter (ng/mL). Therefore, it is considered as trace analysis methodology . Separation techniques like capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography are united with mass spectroscopy for analysis. Several phytoconstituents, fatty acids, volatile oils , flavonoids, glycosides etc. can be analyzed by MS.

10. Structure elucidation: Mass spectroscopy has major use in structure elucidation of compounds. Mass spectrum is produced in the form of bar graph which is interpreted by using the following peaks: 1. Base peak. 2. Molecular ion peak. 3. Fragment ion peak. 4. Metastable ion peak. Identification of specific functional groups and also differentiation between isomeric functional groups. Determination of natural products, unknown products through fragmentations. .

11. Peptide and protein sequence/structure analysis: Mass spectroscopy has an important application in analysis of sequence of amino acids in proteins and peptides . The peptide sequence was analyzed using combination of gas-phase ion/ion chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry. Structure analysis tool for large multi-protein complexes. D etection of serine, threonine and tyrosine-phosphopeptides at very low level of femto mole in protein digests. Determination of amino acid sequence of fractions of peptides from apolipoprotein. Protein drug development.

12. Clinical studies Imaging of drugs and metabolites in tissue. T esting of vitamin. clinical microbiology . Investigation of bile acids in biological fluids . Diagnosis and characterization of inborn errors of organic acid metabolism . Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is now in trend that is used to directly analyze and image pharmaceutical compounds in intact tissue. C oncentration of drug was determined at nanogram level.

13. Pharmaceutical industry: Mass spectroscopy emerged as a powerful tool for various operations in pharmaceutical field mainly in drug development. Drug discoveries. Detection of the purity profile of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API ). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical. Example-determination of molecular formula, identification of compounds, study of isotope abundance, analysis of mixture of compounds . Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) emerged as a valuable tool in direct analysis of pharmaceutical formulations.

14. To investigate use of illegal drugs through analyzing body fluids and tissues . Example- opiates, cocaine, marihuana, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and amphetamines. Forensic pharmacy: Cases of murders or death due to poisoning and drug overdose. Quantitative analysis of some drugs having hypnotic, sedative and tranquilizing properties. Such as-benzodiazepine , thioxanthene, butyrophenone, methadone.

15. Analysis of biotransformation pathway for many drugs and xenobiotics. Stable isotope-labeled (H-2, C-13, N-15, O-18, S-34 and others) xenobiotics can facilitate metabolite detection and identification by mass spectrometry, especially when radiolabeled parent drug is not available. Determination of metabolic pathway and different metabolites of a drug or xenobiotics is very important to assess its different parameters of pharmacokinetics. Metabolites analysis:

16. Mass spectrometry is a very sensitive technique which can analyze even minute quantities of the molecule. This ability is utilized for various purposes like phytochemical, clinical, pharmaceutical and forensic analyses This technique, not only elucidates the structure of the compounds, but also provides the information of molecular formula and the isotopic abundance of particular molecular formula. CONCLUSION

17. REFERENCE Baghel,U.S ., Singh,A., Singh,D ., Sinha,M ., Application of Mass Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. Spectroscopic Analyses - Developments and Applications.2017;6:106-117 Mass spectrometry, https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry Accessed 6 May,2020. Mass Spectrometry Applications Areas, https:// www.thermofisher.com/bd/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/mass-spectrometry-learning-center/mass-spectrometry-applications-area.html Accessed 6 May,2020.

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