Applications of nanobiotechnology in medicine

Webinar about the applications of nanobiotechnology in medicine and nano medicines

1. “Applications of Nanobiotechnology in
Medicine”

2. 1.Introduction
2.0 Applications
2.1 Drug delivery
2.2 Surgery
2.3 Cancer
2.4 Photodynamic therapy
2.5 Nanorobots& its applications
2.6 Nanomedicine
2.7 Implantable devices
3.0 Current scenario
4.0 References
Synopsis:

3. Nanomedicine
•Itisainterdisciplinaryfieldofbiology,
nanobiotechnoloyandchemistry.
•Humanbodyisbasicallyanextremelycomplex
organizationsystemofinteractionmolecules.itisa
molecularmachine.
•Forthattechnologyisneededtounderstandthe
workingmechanismsofourbodyandrepairthe
bodyisthemolecularmachinetechnology.
•Thistechnologyiscallednanotechnology

4. •Itinvolvesresearchandtechnologydevelopment
at1nmto100nmrange
•Nanoindicates1×10
−9
•Nanobiotechnology(sometimesreferredtoas
nanobiology)isbestdescribedashelpingmodern
medicineprogressfromtreatingsymptomsto
generatingcuresandregeneratingbiological
tissues.
•Nanobiotechnologymainlydevelopedandapplied
tostudybiologicalphenomenaanditsprocesses.
Nanotechnology

5. •Nanobiotechnology,bionanotechnology,and
nanobiologyaretermsthatrefertotheintersectionof
nanotechnologyandbiology
•Forexample,nanoparticlescanserveasprobes,sensors
orvehiclesforbiomoleculedeliveryincellularsystems.
•Theprocessofrevolutionizingthedeliveryof
biologicallyactivecompounds.
•Applicationofnanotechnologyinpharmacologyare
undeniablylinkedtothepotentialofdrugtargeting.
•Itisalternativetoovercometheproblemsofthe
administrationofpeptidesandproteinsandnewdrugs.

6. Aim of Nanomedicines
•Comprehensivemonitoringcontrol,construction,
repair,defenceandimprovementofallhuman
biologicalsystems,workingfromthemolecularlevel.
•Usingengineereddevicesandnanostructures,
ultimatelytoachievemedicalbenefit.

9. DrugDelivery
•Innanotechnologynanoparticlesareusedforsite
specificdrugdelivery.
•Thevarietyofnanoparticlessuchas
dendrimers,andnanoporousmaterials find
application.
•Micellesobtainedfromblockco-polymers,areused
fordrugencapsulation.Theytransportsmalldrug
moleculestothedesiredlocation.
•Similarly,nanoelectromechanicalsystemsare
utilizedfortheactivereleaseofdrugs.
•Ironnanoparticlesorgoldshellsarefinding
importantapplicationinthecancertreatment.

10. Advantages:
•Inthistechniquetherequireddrugdoseisusedand
side-effectsareloweredsignificantlyastheactive
agentisdepositedinthemorbidregiononly.
•Thishighlyselectiveapproachcanreducecostsand
paintothepatients.
•Atargetedmedicinereducesthedrug
consumptionandtreatmentexpenses,makingthe
treatmentofpatientscosteffective.

14. Cancer
•Nanoparticleshavehighsurfaceareato
volumeratio.
•Thisallowsformanyfunctionalgroupsto
beattachedtoananoparticle,whichcan
seekoutandbindtocertaintumorcells.
•Additionally,thesmallsizeofnanoparticles
(10to100nanometers),allowsthemto
preferentiallyaccumulateattumorsites
(becausetumorslackaneffectivelymphatic
drainagesystem).
•Limitationstoconventionalcancer
chemotherapyinclude
drugresistance,
lackofselectivity,
Lackofsolubility.
•Nanoparticleshavethepotentialto
overcometheseproblems.

15. Photodynamictherapy
•Aparticleisplacedwithinthebodyandis
illuminatedwithlightfromtheoutside.
•Thelightgetsabsorbedbytheparticleandifthe
particleismetal,energyfromthelightwillheatthe
particleandsurroundingtissue.
•Lightmayalsobeusedtoproducehighenergy
oxygenmoleculeswhichwillchemicallyreactwith
anddestroymostorganicmoleculesthatarenextto
them(liketumors).
•Thistherapyisappealingformanyreasons.

16. Advantages of Photodynamictherapy
•Itdoesnotleavea"toxictrail"ofreactivemolecules
throughoutthebody(chemotherapy)becauseitis
directedwhereonlythelightisshinedandthe
particlesexist.
•Photodynamictherapyhaspotentialforanon-invasive
procedurefordealingwithdiseases,growthand
tumors.

17. Nanoroboticsareanemergingtechnologyfieldcreatingmachines
orrobotswhosecomponentsareatornearthescaleof
ananometre(10
−9
meters).
Devicesranginginsizefrom0.1–10micrometres
ThefirstusefulapplicationsofNanomachinesmaybeinNano
medicine.Forexample,biologicalmachinescouldbeusedtoidentify
anddestroycancercells.
According toRichard Feynman, and
collaboratorAlbert Hibbswho originally suggested
to him the idea of amedicaluse for Feynman's
theoretical micro machines (Nanomachine)
Biochip
Nubots
Surface-bound systems
Bio hybrids
3D printing
Nanomedicine
NANOROBOTICS

18. Nanorobots
•Nano-robotics,althoughhavingmanyapplications
inotherareas,havethemostusefulandvarietyof
usesinmedicalfields.
•Potentialapplicationsincludeearlydiagnosisand
targeteddrugdeliveryforcancer,biomedical
instrumentation,surgery,pharmacokinetics,
monitoringofdiabetes,andhealthcare.
•Futuremedicalnanotechnologyexpectedtoemploy
nanorobotsinjectedintothepatienttoperform
treatmentonacellularlevel.

19. Applications of Nanorobots:
•Nanorobotscouldtraveltothepointofinfection
directlyanddeliverasmalldoseofmedication.
•Thepatientwouldpotentiallysufferfewersideeffects
fromthemedication.
•Example,adoctormightdeliverapowerfulantibiotic
toapatientthroughasyringetohelphisimmune
system.
•Theantibioticbecomesdilutedwhileittravelsthrough
thepatient'sbloodstream,causingonlysomeofit
makesittothepointofinfection.

20. Treating arteriosclerosis:
•Arteriosclerosisreferstoaconditionwhereplaque
buildsalongthewallsofarteries.
•Nanorobotscouldconceivablytreattheconditionby
cuttingawaytheplaque,whichwouldthenenterthe
bloodstream.
•Nanorobotsmaytreatconditionslikearteriosclerosis
byphysicallychippingawaytheplaquealongartery
walls.

21. Fighting cancer:
•Doctorshopetousenanorobotstotreatcancer
patients.
•Therobotscouldeitherattacktumorsdirectlyusing
lasers,microwavesorultrasonicsignalsortheycould
bepartofachemotherapytreatment,delivering
medicationdirectlytothecancersite.
•Doctorsbelievethatbydeliveringsmallbutprecise
dosesofmedicationtothepatient,sideeffectswill
beminimizedwithoutalossinthemedication's
effectiveness.

22. Parasite Removal:
•Nanorobotscouldwage
micro-waronbacteriaand
smallparasiticorganisms
insideapatient.
•Itmighttakeseveral
nanorobots working
togethertodestroyallthe
parasites.

23. GOUT:
•Goutisaconditionwherethe
kidneyslosetheabilitytoremove
wastefromthebreakdownoffats
fromthebloodstream.
•Thiswastesometimescrystallizesat
pointsnearjointslikethekneesand
ankles.
•Peoplewhosufferfromgout
experienceintensepainatthese
joints.
•Ananorobotcouldbreakupthe
crystallinestructuresatthejoints,
providingrelieffromthesymptoms,
thoughitwouldn'tbeableto
reversetheconditionpermanently.

24. Breaking up kidney stones:
•Kidneystonescanbeintensely
painful-thelargerthestone
themoredifficultitistopass.
•Doctorsbreakuplargekidney
stonesusingultrasonic
frequencies,butit'snot
alwayseffective.Ananorobot
couldbreakupakidneystones
usingasmalllaser.
•Nanorobotsmightcarrysmall
ultrasonicsignalgeneratorsto
deliverfrequenciesdirectlyto
kidneystones.

25. Therapeutic Applications –
cleaning ofmouth.
•Amouthwashfullofsmart
and destroypathogenic
bacteriawhileallowingthe
harmlessfloraofthemouthto
flourishinahealthyecosystem
•Four remote-controlled
nanorobotsexamineandclean
thesubocclusalsurfacesofa
patient'steeth,nearthegum
line.
Nano brush

26. Respirocyte
•Aproposednanorobot,artificialredbloodcell
•Oftheorderof1micron
•Sphericalnanorobotmadeof18billionatoms
•Apressuretankwhichcanbepumpedupto9billionOxygen
O
2andCO
2molecules
•BythevirtueofitspressuresensorsitreleasesOxygenor
CarbonDioxide
•Thebottomlineisthatmimicstheactionofhemoglobin
filledredbloodcellsandcandeliver236timesmoreoxygen
perunitvolumethananaturalredbloodcell
•Applications
•TreatmentofAnemia
•Transfusionsandperfusions
•FetalandChildRelateddisorders

27. Making Tiny Plastic Particles to
deliver Lifesaving Medicine
•ManymedicationssuchastherapeuticDNA,insulin
andhumangrowthhormonemustenterthebody
throughpainfulinjections,butaJohnsHopkins
researcherisseekingtodeliverthesametreatment
withoutthesting
•JustinHanesanassistantprofessorattheDepartment
ofChemicalandBioMolecularEngineeringwantsto
packthedrugintomicroscopicplasticsphereswhich
canbeinhaled
•Newtypeofporouspolymerparticlescapableof
releasingdrugsinanenvironmentresemblingthe
deeplungs
•http://www.jhu.edu/news_info/news/home03/sep03
/hanes.html
ThismicroscopicviewshowstheporouspolymerparticlesdevelopedbyJustin
Hanesandhiscolleaguestodelivermedicationwheninhaledthroughthelungs.

28. Cell-sized robots can be used to detect
diseases
MITscientistshavedevelopedamethod
tomassproducerobotsnobiggerthana
cellthatcouldbeusedtomonitor
conditionsinsideanoilorgaspipeline,or
tosearchoutdiseasewhilefloating
throughthebloodstream.
Thekeytomakingsuchtinydevices,
whichtheteamcalls“syncells”(shortfor
syntheticcells),inlargequantitiesliesin
controllingthenaturalfracturingprocess
ofatomically-thin,brittlematerials.
Theprocess,called“autoperforation”,
directsthefracturelinessothatthey
produceminusculepocketsofa
predictablesizeandshape.

30. Scientists create Nano medical robot and
sets Guinness World Record
Thescientistshavedevelopedthesmallestmedical
robotandsetanewGuinnessWorldRecord.
Thedevice,whichisof120nanometresinsize,
caninteractwithbiologicalcells.
TheseNanocompositeparticlescanassisttotreat
cancerandAlzheimer’sinthefutureandonedayit
mightleadtohugemedicaladvancements.
TheNanocompositesaremadeoftwodifferent
typesofmultifunctionaloxidematerialsina“core
andshell”configuration.Thecoreismagneticand
changesshapeinresponsetomagneticfields.
Theferroelectricshellconvertspressureinto
electricpotentials.Nanocompositesactsasarms
andlegsthatmovethenanoparticlearoundto
interactwithtargetedbiologicalcells.

31. References & Further Read:
•KadircanHKeskinboraandMuslimAJameel,Nanotechnology
ApplicationsandApproachesinMedicine:AReview,Journalof
Nanoscience&NanotechnologyResearch,Vol.2No.2:6,2018.
•Soaresetal.2008.Nanomedicine:Principles,Properties,andRegulatory
Issues.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2018.00360/full
•https://www.precisionnanosystems.com/our-technology/what-is-
nanomedicine
•https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6109690/

32. Thanks
For any Clarification Contact;
Dr. T. RAMESH
Assistant Professor of Zoology
PG & Research Department of Zoology
Vivekananda College Tiruvedakam
[phone]
[email protected]