Applied Anatomy of the Heart For Under and Post Graduates

Applied Anatomy of the heart presentation of under and post graduates

1. Applied Anatomy of the Heart Understanding the Structural and Functional Aspects Your Name Date

2. Introduction Importance of understanding heart anatomy Objectives: - Identify major anatomical structures of the heart - Understand the functional significance of each structure - Apply anatomical knowledge to clinical scenarios

3. Basic Anatomy of the Heart The heart has four chambers and several key structures that ensure its proper function.

4. The Chambers of the Heart Right atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body Right ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs Left atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs Left ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

5. Heart Valves Atrioventricular valves: - Tricuspid valve: Between right atrium and right ventricle - Mitral valve: Between left atrium and left ventricle Semilunar valves: - Pulmonary valve: Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery - Aortic valve: Between left ventricle and aorta

6. Blood Supply to the Heart Coronary arteries: - Left coronary artery: Divides into left anterior descending and circumflex arteries - Right coronary artery: Supplies right atrium and ventricle Coronary veins: - Great cardiac vein: Drains into the coronary sinus - Coronary sinus: Empties into the right atrium

7. Electrical Conduction System Sinoatrial (SA) node: Initiates the heartbeat Atrioventricular (AV) node: Delays impulse, allowing ventricular filling Bundle of His: Conducts impulse from AV node to ventricles Purkinje fibers: Spread impulse throughout ventricles

8. Functional Anatomy in Action Cardiac cycle: - Systole: Contraction phase - Diastole: Relaxation phase ECG correlation: Electrical activity represented in P, QRS, and T waves

9. Clinical Correlations Common cardiac conditions: - Myocardial infarction: Heart attack due to blocked coronary artery - Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms due to conduction system issues - Heart failure: Inability of the heart to pump effectively Case studies: Examples with images (e.g., angiograms, ECGs)

10. Diagnostic Imaging Techniques: - Echocardiography: Ultrasound of the heart - MRI: Detailed images of heart structure - CT: Cross-sectional images of the heart - Angiography: Imaging of blood vessels

11. Surgical Considerations Common surgeries: - CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting - Valve replacement: Repair or replace damaged valves - Transplant: Replace diseased heart with a donor heart Anatomical landmarks: Important for surgical planning and execution

12. Summary Recap: - Key points from each section Importance: - Applying anatomical knowledge in clinical practice

13. Questions and Discussion Open floor for questions Discussion points: - Encourage discussion on applied aspects of heart anatomy

14. References List of textbooks, articles, and resources used