APPLIED_NUTRITION[1][1]. maternal nutriton during pregnancypptx

maternal nutrition

1. Lt. col khalida APPLIED NUTRITION ASSINGMENT SUBMITTED BY: SHAN E ZAHRA LAIBA SHUAKAT MALAIKA MUSHTAQ AQSA MUKHTAR assignment submitted to:

2. Counsel mother regarding nurtritional care of the children Weaning,pre lacteal feeds,food introduce with quantity and type 1 2 CONTENTS

3. 1.Breast feeding 2.Complementary foods 3.maternal nutrition When counseling mothers on the nutritional care of their children, you can consider the following: Counsel mother regarding nurtritional care of the children:

4. During pregnancy and after the birth it is important to discuss with women the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for six months. Try to include the partner or other family members and communicate to them all about the benefits of breastfeeding for the mother and baby, the process of breastfeeding and when and how long to feed for . You should also discuss continued breastfeeding after six months and introduction of other foods in addition to breast milk. You might find it useful to refer to more specialized breastfeeding tools and materials to support your discussion. BREAST FEEDING: ‘Breastfeeding is the process of feeding a baby breast milk. It can be done directly from the breast, or the milk can be pumped and fed to the baby from a bottle.’

5. What is so good about breastfeeding? Breast milk provides all the nutrients that a baby needs for the first six months of life to grow and develop. Breast milk continues to provide high-quality nutrients and helps protect against infection up to two years of age or more. Breast milk protects babies from infections and illnesses. Babies find breast milk easy to digest. The baby's body uses breast milk efficiently. Breastfeeding can contribute to birth spacing. Breastfeeding helps the mother's uterus to contract reducing the risk of bleeding after birth. Breastfeeding lowers the rate of breast and ovarian cancer in the mother. Breastfeeding promotes a faster return to mother's pre-pregnancy weight. Breastfeeding promotes the emotional relationship, or bonding, between mother and infant.

6. Babies may get sick more often with diarrhoea, malnutrition and pneumonia and are at increased risk of dying. 1 Babies do not get natural protection to illnesses. 2 RISKS OF NOT BREASTFEEDING

7. Complementary feeding is the process of introducing solid foods to infants who are still being breastfed or formula-fed. It typically begins when the infant is around six months old. -Complementary feeding is important because it provides the necessary nutrients that cannot be obtained from breast milk or formula alone. -It also helps to develop the infant's oral and motor skills. -Infants should consume a variety of foods from all of the food groups, including fruits and vegetables, grains, protein- rich foods, and dairy. -This helps to ensure that they are getting all of the necessary nutrients for healthy growth and development. Complementary foods:

8. When your child reach 6 months of age, it is best to introduce something of a smoother consistency first, such as pureed foods for your child. Other foods that can be introduced at this stage include pureed fruits and vegetables, such as sweet potato, squash, and applesauce. As the infant becomes more comfortable with solid foods, the texture and consistency of the foods can be gradually increased. This helps to develop their oral and motor skills, and prepare them for eventually eating more solid foods. At around eight to ten months old, infants can typically handle soft finger foods, such as cooked vegetables and fruit, small pieces of cheese or tofu, and soft, cooked pasta. It is crucial to cut foods into small pieces to avoid choking hazards and to always supervise infants while they are eating. Texture and consistency:

9. Is breastfeeding still needed during complementary feeding Breastfeeding should continue alongside complementary feeding, as breast milk still provides important nutrients and antibodies that help to protect infants from infections and illnesses. Breastfeeding can also help to support a healthy immune system, and it can help to reduce the risk of certain diseases later in life. It is recommended to breastfeed for at least the first year of life, and beyond if possible.

10. Maternal food: You can recommend that pregnant women lower their daily caffeine intake to reduce the risk of pregnancy loss and low birthweight newborns. You can also discuss the importance of a healthy mother's diet for optimal baby growth and lowering the chance of birth abnormalities and low birth weight. You can also consider the mother's own health, including any illnesses she may have, her nutritional status and food intake, maternal medication, and birth spacing and family planning.

11. Q:Weaning,prelacteal,introducefood with quantity and type Weaning is the process of gradually introducing your baby to solid foods while reducing their dependence on breast milk or formula. It typically begins around 6 months of age, but the exact timing can vary depending on your baby’s readiness and developmental milestones. Here is an information on how to introduce solids, including information on prelacteal feeds, types of foods, and quantities: Weaning

12. Prelacteal Feeds Prelacteal feeds are given before the introduction of breast milk or formula and can include options like:   Most commonly, babies receive breast milk or formula as their first feed Breast Milk or Formula :   In some cultures, a small amount of water may be given before breastfeeding, but it's usually not necessary if the baby is feeding well. Small Amounts of Water :  Some cultures use traditional remedies (e.g., honey, sugar water) but these are generally not recommended as they can be harmful to the baby. Traditional Remedies : 

13. Introduction to Solids Around 6 Months:  Start with iron-fortified single-grain cereals (e.g., rice cereal) mixed with breast milk or formula to a thin consistency. Begin with 1-2 tablespoons once a day . Single-Grain Cereals : Begin with mild fruits like apples, pears, or bananas. Start with 1-2 tablespoons and gradually increase to 4-6 tablespoons per meal . Pureed Fruits : Try vegetables like sweet potatoes, carrots, or peas. Begin with 1-2 tablespoons and increase to 4-6 tablespoons per meal . Pureed Vegetables :   Introduce meats such as chicken or beef, pureed and mixed with a little water or broth. Start with 1-2 tablespoons and increase to 4-6 tablespoons as the baby adjusts . Pureed Meats :  New guidelines suggest introducing allergenic foods (like peanuts) early to reduce the risk of allergies, but consult your pediatrician first. Introduce Allergenic Foods :

14. PROGRESSION OVER TIME(6-12 months) 1 2 3 2 3 1 Increased Variety : Introduce a wider range of fruits, vegetables, grains, and proteins. Offer small amounts of new foods, gradually increasing as your baby gets used to them. Textural Progression : As your baby gets older and more accustomed to solids, start offering mashed, chopped, or finely shredded foods. Finger Foods : Around 8-9 months, you can introduce finger foods like small pieces of soft-cooked vegetables, fruits, or small pieces of bread. Balanced Diet : By 12 months, your baby should be eating a variety of foods from all food groups, including proteins, fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy

15. GENERAL TIPS Start Slow : Introduce one new food at a time and wait 3-5 days before introducing another new food to monitor for any allergic reactions. Be Patient : It may take multiple attempts for your baby to accept a new food. Avoid Honey : Honey should not be given to babies under one year old due to the risk of botulism. Avoid Whole Nuts : Whole nuts pose a choking hazard; instead, offer nut butters or finely ground nuts.

16. Sample Daily Feeding Schedule (around 7-8 months ): Breakfast : Iron-fortified cereal mixed with fruit puree . Lunch: Pureed vegetables with a small amount of pureed meat or beans. Snack : Small pieces of soft fruit or a teething biscuit. Dinner : Mashed or finely chopped vegetables with a small serving of a grain or protein source . Always consult with your pediatrician before introducing new foods or making significant changes to your baby’s diet, especially if there are any concerns or special dietary needs.

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