approaches of political geography

In this presentation i will explain about approaches of political geography.

1. Approaches of political geography Prepared by: “ Anum Chaudhary ”

2. There are so many materials and methods are available to study political geography. This direct us to figure approaches in studding this subject . There are many approaches which have been taken into account by different scholars, among them Richard Hartshorne recognized distinction within the field of political geography . APPROCHES OF POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

3. Six Approaches: There are six approaches of political geography: Power analysis approach Historical approach Morphological approach Functional approach Behavioral approach Systematic approach

4. Defined Functional approach Behavioral approach Morphologic approach

5. DEFINE FUNCATIONAL APPROACH: This particular approach is the most practiced and taken into account among the approach mentioned by Hartshorne. He himself has done a lot research on it. In very short this approach studies functioning of political areas which are subdivided into subordinating area.

6. SPECIALTIES OF THE AREA The specialties of this area are: They must have strong political association/ interaction among themselves. These areas need to contain association also with outside states. They must have unity for well functioning.

7. Particular forces related to space This approach studies two particular forces related to space: State strengthening or centralizing force. State weakening force.

8. Functions of any state The analysis of functional political geography distinguishes dual function of any state there are: Internal function External function

9. Internal function Freedom of passage across interstate lines. Inter racial relations within a country Example Shiite sunni relation in pakistan .

10. EXTERNAL FUNCTION Territorial relations Economic relations Political relations Strategic relations

11. Behavioral approach Cases where space can be identified as an indepent variable. It studies human behavior based on spatial feature. Because the differentiation of behavior occurs due to the territorial pattern and boundaries of the world.

12. For Example: Marriage ceremony of a specific group of people.

13. Morphological approach The geographical area of this world can strongly be presented . Example : Variety and diversity.

14. The forms and features of the world spaces are the basic indicator to classify the geopolitical area according to their characteristics and this is core , complex concept of morphological approach. So, morphological approach is an approach which studies, examines and analysis according to their forms. These forms can be viewed from two perspective which can be defined s the indicators. they are Pattern Structure

15. Pattern : The global area is composed of several political unit or entities. These political unites differ from each other according to size, shape and location and in such way their political geography also get influenced. And these unite them and then to form regional blocks, global alliance or international administrative division to function in the global world according to their specific characteristics of pattern Example : size , shape, location .

16. Structure Structure of a State or country is indicated by its political map or defined territory. In morphological approach system structure means spatial or space related features or state. Upper-lower riparian, nature of land such as sandy, dry, soft, rock etc are the Example of spatial feature.

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