Apresentação bombeio centrífugo submerso.

Elevação artificial de petróleo pelo método De bombeio eletro-submergível.

1. ESP
Centrifugal
Pump
PREPARED BY: BASHAR K.MUSTAFA

2. Electric Submersible Pump (ESP)
Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) are an effective
and economic method of producing large volume of
fluid’s, from wellbore to surface.
Surface Components:Transformers, surface power
cable, variable speed drive, junction box & wellhead
penetrator.
Downhole Components:Motor, Seal, Intake,Pump,
motor lead extension(MLE), ESP cable, and sensor.

3. Centrifugal Pump
Pump is one of the ESP downhole components and its
multistage centrifugal design uses to lift fluid from the
wellbore to surface which contain a number of stages.
Each stage has an Impeller and a diffuser, the impellers
are connected to the axial shaft by the keyway.
Pump located between intake and pump discharge at the
lower bolted with intake and upper of pump connected
with discharge head.

4. Pump Component
Main Pump components are the following:
1- Flange Head
2- Housing
3- Shaft
4- Stages (Impeller & Diffuser)
5- Bearing
6- Pump Base
7- Coupling
8- Nameplate

5. Pump Component
Flange Head: Flange head located on top of centrifugal
pump it’s the connection point between pump and
discharge head.
Pump Housing: is the body of the pump
which covered the whole pump.

6. Pump Component
Shaft:
Shaft transfer the torque from motor through the seal and
intake to the pump which provides torque to rotating the
Impellers inside diffusers, normally shaft are manufactured
from (K-Monel) and high strength shafts manufactured from
Inconel generally Inconel can handle more torque than k-
Monel.
shaft diameter also determines the maximum torque
capacity depending on the metal that manufactured from.

7. Pump Component
Pump Stage:
Pump contain a number of stages each stage contains a
rotational impeller and stationary diffuser, the impeller sets
inside of diffuser, and fluid inters in the impellers eye then
pressurizes by the vanes and raises to next stage, impellers
are connected with shaft which rotates at the motor rpm
rotation, stacking impeller and diffuser provides head.
Impeller
Diffuser

8. Vane
Radial & Mixed Flow Stage Component’s
Hub
Bottom
shroud
Top shroud

9. Impeller flow passage

10. ESP Pump Flow Types
Radial Flow Impeller, Mixed Flow Impeller, Axial Flow Impeller.

11. ESP Pump Flow Types
Radial Flow Impeller: In radial flow the fluid enters the
impeller axially and leaves radially, vane angle close to 90 and
usually found in pump for low ranges flow rate, and gas handle
capacity is 10% and Poor handling of fluid problems (Gas, and
solids, Viscous fluids).

12. ESP Pump Flow Types
Mixed Flow Impeller: Fluid enters axially then leaves axial
& radially and its vane angle close to 45 and usually found
in pump ranges for higher flow rate, and gas handle capacity
is 20-25%, can handle better than radial impellers of fluid
problems (Gas, and solids, Viscous fluids).

13. ESP Pump Flow Types
Axial Flow Impeller:
axial Impeller pushes the fluid in a parallel direction
to the pump shaft, and fluid inters and leaves the
impeller axially.axial pumps are most efficient in
applications requiring high rates of flow to be
pumped at low pressures.
Gas handle capacity 75%

14. Impeller Thrust
There are three forces effecting on impeller.
1- Gravity
2- Pressure
3- Momentum
Gravity
Momentum
Upper
shroud
lower
shroud

15. Impeller Thrust
The Sum of all Three Forces Called Net Thrust.
1- Pressure: the difference between the pressure above and the pressure below
acting on the impeller area causing down thrust.
2- Gravity: is the weight of the impeller.
3- Momentum: Change in fluid momentum (This reaction the force required to direct
the fluid into a radial direction) causing up thrust

16. Impeller Thrust
Up-Thrust: is when the bottom pressure or
lower shroud pressure becomes higher than
discharge pressure which pump produces while
pumping fluid.
Down-Thrust when the fluid pressure on the
upper impeller shroud(discharge pressure)
becomes higher than lower shroud pressure it
cause to down-thrust.
High pressure
Low pressure
Low pressure
High pressure

17. Pump Performance curve
Pump curve we can determines the following;
1- Flow (bbl/day). (X-Axis)
2- Head (feet or m). (Y-Axis)
3- Head (Blue curve).
4- Efficiency (Green line).
5- Horsepower HP (Red line).
6- Shaded are (Recommended Operating Range,
ROR)
X-Axis
Y-Axis

18. Q/In TD1750 pump at 60hz 3500RPM and Sp.gr 1.0 at 1800bbl/day on the pump curve.
1- Head per Stage ?
2- horsepower HP/stage ?
3- Efficiency(%) ?

20. @1800bbl/d

21. @1800bbl/d, head per stage = 20ft

22. @1800bbl/d, head per stage = 20ft

23. @1800bbl/d, head per stage = 20ft HP=0.38hp/stg

24. @1800bbl/d, head per stage = 20ft HP=0.38hp/stg

25. k @1800bbl/d, head per stage = 20ft HP=0.38hp/stg Efficiency =68%

26. Pump Calculations
Head per stage: can be determines from the pump curve directly.
Total Dynamic Head = Net lift + Friction loss + wellhead pressure.
Net lift: Measures the height from production fluid level to surface (flow line
gauge) and in deviated wells only vertical distance will be measure.(annulus).
Friction loss: is the friction of the fluid inside tubing, measures from pump
discharge to wellhead.
Wellhead Pressure: is the pressure which formed because of fluid pumping
while operation.

27. Net Vertical Lift
Net Vertical Lift:
Measures the height from production
fluid level to surface(out of tubing),
but In deviated wells only vertical
distance will be measure.
all these measurements will be done
from outer of tubing or in annulus.
Lets Assume that Net lift =2100ft
2100ft

28. MD: measures the total
distance of the well
TVD: measures only the
vertical distance of the
well.
MD=1325m
TVD=993
TVD=MD TVD = MD
TVD=993m
MD=1325m
TVD=1325
MD=1325

29. Total Friction Loss
Friction loss:
While operating the pump and lifting fluid there will
be friction between the fluid and tubing.
friction measured from the pump discharge to
wellhead or under Christmas tree.
Calculating the total friction loss it will be in a
chart by knowing the flowrate(Q).
pump
discharge
Friction loss

Fluid level

30. Note:
First find flow on X-axis
Second go up till your tubing
size
Third on Y-Axis determine
the friction loss
1800 bbl/day
50
Tubing size=2 3/8” and Q=1800bbl/day
Tubing length= 4500ft
Tubing length=
4500 ft
1000
= 4.5‘
Friction loss= 70ft
For 2 3/8” Friction= 70x 4.5 = 315 feet
of loss

31. Wellhead Pressure
Wellhead Pressure:
Is the pressure which formed because of fluid
pumping while operation,
wellhead pressure can be taken directly from
wellhead flow line gauge on surface and it must be
in(feet) unit while using in TDH calculation.
➢ Equation to converting from psi to feet
Wellhead Pressure(ft)=
??????���ℎ�??????� ��������(��??????)
0.433 ��??????/�� � ��.��
sp.gr=
141.5
131.5+??????????????????
Wellhead pressure
gauge

32. Wellhead Pressure
Example:
1- Wellhead pressure=220psi
Specific gravity = 1.07
➢If sp.gr was not given we can find out with sp.gr equation
Wellhead pressure= 220 psi
API =30
Wellhead pressure (feet)=
??????���ℎ�??????� ��������(��??????)
0.433 ��??????/�� � ��.��
Wellhead Pressure (ft)=
220 ��??????
0.433 ��??????/�� �1.07
=
sp.gr=
141.5
131.5+??????????????????
sp.gr=
141.5
131.5+30
Sp.gr=0.876
Note: Now sp.gr can be
use in the equation to
find WHD(ft)

33. Wellhead Pressure
Example:
1- Wellhead pressure=220psi
Specific gravity = 1.07
➢If sp.gr was not given we can find out with sp.gr equation
Wellhead pressure= 220 psi
API =30
Wellhead pressure (feet)=
??????���ℎ�??????� ��������(��??????)
0.433 ��??????/�� � ��.��
Wellhead Pressure (ft)=
220 ��??????
0.433 ��??????/�� �1.07
=
sp.gr=
141.5
131.5+??????????????????
sp.gr=
141.5
131.5+30
Sp.gr=0.876

34. Wellhead Pressure
Example:
1- Wellhead pressure=220psi
Specific gravity = 1.07
Wellhead pressure (feet)=
??????���ℎ�??????� ��������(��??????)
0.433 ��??????/�� � ��.��
Wellhead Pressure (ft)=
220 ��??????
0.433 ��??????/�� �1.07
= 475 feet

35. Wellhead Pressure
Example:
1- Wellhead pressure=220psi
Specific gravity = 1.07
2- If sp.gr was not given we can find out with sp.gr equation by having API.
Wellhead pressure= 220 psi
API =1
Wellhead pressure (feet)=
??????���ℎ�??????� ��������(��??????)
0.433 ��??????/�� � ��.��
Wellhead Pressure (ft)=
220 ��??????
0.433 ��??????/�� �1.07
= 475 feet
sp.gr=
141.5
131.5+??????????????????
sp.gr=
141.5
131.5+1
Sp.gr= 1.07 Note: Now sp.gr can be use in the equation to
find WHD(ft)

36. Total Dynamic Head (TDH) Calculation
Net lift =2100ft
Friction loss = 315ft
Wellhead pressure= 475ft
TDH= Net lift + Friction loss + wellhead pressure
TDH=
Net Lift’

37. Total Dynamic Head (TDH) Calculation
Net lift =2100ft
Friction loss = 315ft
Wellhead pressure= 475ft
TDH= Net lift + Friction loss + wellhead pressure
TDH= 2100’ +

38. Total Dynamic Head (TDH) Calculation
Net lift =2100ft
Friction loss = 315ft
Wellhead pressure= 475ft
TDH= Net lift + Friction loss + wellhead pressure
TDH= 2100’ + 315’ +

39. Total Dynamic Head (TDH) Calculation
Net lift =2100ft
Friction loss = 315ft
Wellhead pressure= 475ft
TDH= Net lift + Friction loss + wellhead pressure
TDH= 2100’ + 315’ + 475’

40. Total Dynamic Head (TDH) Calculation
Net lift =2100ft
Friction loss = 315ft
Wellhead pressure= 475ft
TDH= Net lift + Friction loss + wellhead pressure
TDH= 2100’ + 315’ + 475’
TDH= 2890feet

41. Example
For Example: TDH= 2890 feet and head per stage =20ft
Total required stages =
���??????� ���??????�??????� ℎ�??????�
ℎ�??????� ��� ��??????��
=
.�
20��
=
20ft/Stage
TDH=
2890ft
20ft/Stage
40ft two
stages
well
Tubing

42. Example
For Example: TDH= 2890 feet and head per stage =20ft
Total required stages =
���??????� ���??????�??????� ℎ�??????�
ℎ�??????� ��� ��??????��
=
2890��
20��
=
20ft/Stage
TDH=
2890ft
20ft/Stage
40ft two
stages
well
Tubing

43. Example
For Example: TDH= 2890 feet and head per stage =20ft
Total required stages =
���??????� ���??????�??????� ℎ�??????�
ℎ�??????� ��� ��??????��
=
2890 ��
20��
=
20ft/Stage
TDH=
2890ft
20ft/Stage
40ft two
stages
well
Tubing

44. Example
For Example: TDH= 2890 feet and head per stage =20ft
Total required stages =
���??????� ���??????�??????� ℎ�??????�
ℎ�??????� ��� ��??????��
=
2890��
20��
=145 Stages
20ft/Stage
TDH=
2890ft
20ft/Stage
40ft two
stages
well
Tubing

45. Example
For Example: TDH= 2890feet and head per stage =20ft
Total required stages =
���??????� ���??????�??????� ℎ�??????�
ℎ�??????� ��� ��??????��
=
2890 ��
20��
=145 Stages
20ft/Stage
TDH=
2890ft
20ft/Stage
40ft two
stages
well
Tubing
Total Hp required = hp per stage x total stages x sp.gr
Horsepower per stage = 0.38hp x 145sgt x 1 = 55hp
Efficiency = 68%
Total required stages is 145 Stages,
HP /stage=55hp
Efficiency =68%

46. Pump Component
Pump Bearing:
Bearing of the pump is located over and below stage to
set stages together and avoid any vibration in the pump
duringESPrunning. Normally silicon carbide bearing
uses but for harsh and abrasive environments we use
zirconia ceramic bearing because its hard enough and
unaffected by abrasives, zirconia has excellent
lubrication properties, and it’s 7 times stronger than
Silicon carbide bearing, zirconia also unaffected by the
H2S and CO2 gases, and maintain its structure about
1000F or 537C.
Bearing
Shaft
Diffuser
Impeller

47. Radial Bearing
Radial bearings ensure the radial stability of rotating
components, these bearings consist of a rotating sleeve,
which keyed to the shaft and a stationary bushing,
bearing made of Several different materials like, Zirconia,
Silicon Carbide, the most common material is Zirconia,
because of excellent wear resistance is obtained by
Zirconia bushings.
The selection of bearing material depends on load
capacity and operating condition (pressure, temperature
and fluid compositions).

48. Pump Stage & Bearing

49. Pump Component
Coupling
Coupling is the mechanical part of pump which uses to
connect two shafts to transfer power which provided by the
motor,
coupling in tandem pump will be longer and stronger then
single pumps due to be able to handle the power and torque
which is higher than the single pump,
shims placed in coupling to raise the shaft, usually shimming
uses between (pump to pump) and (intake to pump).

50. Pump Component
Pump Base:
Pump base is the base of the pump which bolted with intake
or gas separator or gas handler if there’s a gassy wells.

51. Floater Pump
Floater pump:
In floater pump impellers are free to move
up and down on the shaft. the only thing to
stop the upper or lower thrust is the thrust
washers are provided at surfaces between
the impeller and diffuser to absorb any
thrust generated the stage the thrust is
transferred through the thrust washers to
the diffuser to the housing..

52. Up and Down Thrust Washer of an Impeller
.
Down thrust
washer
Up thrust
washer

53. Why Use Floater Pumps?
▪ Since each stage handles its own thrust, a very large
number of stages can be put in a pump without having to
worry about protector bearing capacity.
▪ Easier field assembly – no shimming and less time less cost
required.
▪ Only thrust that the seal section thrust bearing sees is
shaft thrust

54. Compression Pump
Compression Pump:
In a compression pump, all the impellers are rigidly fixed
to the shaft. therefore if an impeller wants to move up or
down, it will take the shaft with it.
The impeller is normally sitting down on its lower
diffuser during assembly due to gravity.because of this
the pump shaft is “raised” with shims in the coupling so
that the impeller is not allowed to touch the diffuser after
final assembly, this allows all thrust developed in the
pump shaft to be transferred to the protector shaft
directly.

55. Compression Pump
Pump shimming:There is a small amount of free play of the shaft in
pump, to eliminate this free movement small circle plate replaces on the
coupling.
Before shimming
After Shimming

56. Why Use Compression Pumps?
▪ Some stages generate too much thrust to be handled by a thrust
washer in the stage.
▪ Some fluids like (liquid propane) do not have enough lubricity to
properly lubricate a thrust washer.
▪ If abrasives or corrosives are present, it may be beneficial to handle
the thrust in an area lubricated by motor oil rather than well fluid.
▪ Seal section thrust bearing holds both hydraulic thrust and shaft
thrust.
▪ They may have a wider operating range (ROR) than pumps with
floating impellers.

57. THANK YOU!

58. We are
An Oilfield Technical Services Company
We Bring Cutting Edge Technology of Drilling and Production in Oil & Gas
Presenter: Bashar K. Mustafa
Presenter Email: [email protected]