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1. Second Semester 2023-2024 Academic Session

Engr. Usman Ishaq Karofi
B.Sc. Software Engineering (Al-Qalam University
Katsina)
[email protected]
CTE 244 Computer Networking

2. Week 2: Network Topology:
Objectives:

•Understand the different network topologies and their characteristics.
•Learn about various types of networks based on their geographic scope.
•Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each topology and network
type..

3. What is a Network Topology?
•A network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and
connections in a network. Nodes usually include devices such as switches,
routers and software with switch and router features. Network topologies
are often represented as a graph.

Type of Network Topology
•Bus Topology
•Star Topology
•Ring Topology
•Mesh Topology
•Hybrid Topology

4. Bus Topology
•All devices are connected to a single central cable, called the bus or
backbone.
•Data sent by one device is available to all devices on the network, but only
the intended recipient accepts it.
Backbone
Drop-lines

5. Bus Topology
Advantages:
•Easy to implement and extend.
•Requires less cable length than a star topology.

Disadvantages:
•Limited cable length and number of stations.
•If the main cable fails, the entire network goes down.
•Performance degrades with more devices or heavy traffic.

6. Star Topology
•All devices are connected to a central hub or switch.
•Data passes through the central hub before reaching its destination

7. Star Topology
Advantages:
•Easy to install and manage.
•Failure of one cable does not affect other devices.
•Easy to detect faults and remove parts.

Disadvantages:
•Requires more cable than bus topology.
•If the central hub fails, the whole network is inoperable.

8. Ring Topology:
•Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a circular format.
•Each device is connected to two other devices, forming a circular pathway
for signals. Data travels in one direction (or both directions in a dual ring)

9. Ring Topology
Advantages:
•Data is transferred in a systematic manner, reducing the chance of packet
collisions.
•Easy to identify and isolate faults.

Disadvantages:
•A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the
network.
•More difficult to install and reconfigure.

10. Mesh Topology:
•Mesh Topology: Devices are interconnected with many redundant
connections.
•in this type of topology, all device are connected to one another using
separate links.

11. Mesh Topology
Advantages:
•Provides high redundancy and reliability.
•Failure of one link does not affect the network.

Disadvantages:
•Expensive and complex to install and manage.
•Requires a lot of cabling.

12. Hybrid Topology:
•Hybrid Topology: Combination of two or more different topologies.
•This topology combines at least two types of the other topologies. E.g Star
and Bus, Star and Ring, Star and Mesh, Bus and Ring, Bus and Mesh, Ring
and Mesh.

13. Hybrid Topology
Advantages:
•Inherits the advantages of the combined topologies.
•Flexible and scalable.

Disadvantages:
•Complex design and implementation.
•Can be costly.

14. Suggested Reading:
•"Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach" by James F. Kurose and
Keith W. Ross
•"Networking All-in-One For Dummies" by Doug Lowe

15. Assignment:
•Describe a real-world scenario and choose the most appropriate network
topology and type for it. Justify your choice.