Aquametry ;

Md : Obydulla Al Mamun�
Id:131-29-500�9th(B)�
Department Of Pharmacy�
Daffodil International University�
[email protected]

1. Md : Obydulla Al Mamun Id:131-29-500 9th(B) Department Of Pharmacy Daffodil International University [email protected] Aquametry ; It’s Application and Importance in pharmacy

2. Aquametry Aquametry is a quantitative method of determining water content present in a sample. Determination of water is one of the most important and widely practiced analytical methods in pharmaceutical industry.

3. Importance of Aquametry 1.Quantitative Determination of Water in pharmaceutical products is important because H 2 O may be present in the products as – Solvent (E.g. H 2 O in Syrup, Suspension or Emulsion) Absorbed water (E.g. Absorbed H 2 O by Powder for Suspension) Water of Crystallization (E.g. Crystals of salts containing H 2 O) Adulterant (E.g. Excess Water in Digitalis Leaves) 2.This is important, because – Physical properties of a drug or raw material is modified by the presence of H 2 O. Pharmaceutical Procedures of Granulation, Tablet formation and coating operations are affected by H 2 O Content.

4. 3. Physical stability of the product may be hampered in presence of water. So,we should determine whether it possesses water or not. 4. Water content of drugs may also be important for other reasons i.e - when crude drugs, for example, are sold with a guaranteed assay for active constituent, the percent active constituent must be calculated on the basis of the moisture free drug. 5 . Some sample needs a minimum amount of water for their stability , which should be determined by this process . 6. Many samples contain water which is a media for growth of microorganism. So, we should determine that water content and remove it .

5. 7. Many chemical reactions involve water either as a reactant or product. Such process can be followed or a reactant can be assayed by the quantitative determination of water. Schiff reaction for amine :   RNH 2 + C 6 H 5 CHO = C 6 H 5 CH=NH + H 2 (in presence of BF 3 ) Esterification reaction :   ROH + CH 3 COOH = CH 3 COOR + H 2 O ROH + Cl 2 CHCOOH = Cl 2 CHCOOR + H 2 Acid anhydride analysis :   (RCO) 2 O + H 2 0 = 2RCOOH (in presence of NaI , Pyridine) Hydrolysis of nitrile : RCN + H 2 0 = RCONH 2

6. Application Soil quality: The appearance of large information banks on soil properties in Europe was provoked by necessity of increasing of agricultural production economics, i.e. the commercial price of soil as the production medium . Quality of food materials and products: Moisture content affects food quality, i.e. texture, taste, appearance and stability of foods depends on the amount of water they contain. A knowledge of the moisture content is often necessary to predict the behavior of foods during processing, e.g. mixing,drying , transportation, flow through a pipe or packaging, storage stability or shelf-life

7. Application Environmental monitoring: The need for monitoring physical conditions in agriculture and environment is increasing because of increasing pressure on natural resources, sustainability, exhaustion of nonrenewable resources and climate change.

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