Aquatic mammals and their distributions

Aquatic mammals and their distributions
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1. NAME H M IMRAN UL HAQ ROLL NO. MCF1900758 CLASS MSC ZOOLOGY COURSE TITLE : Mammalogy SHIFT MORNING SUBMITTED TO Respected MAM Dr. RABIA YAQOOB DATE 07-06-2021

2. Aquatic mammals & Distribution 

3. Definition live in the water and depend on it for survival. Marine mammals are aquatic mammals that rely on the ocean for their existence They include animals such as sea lions, whales, dugongs, sea otters and polar. Aquatic mammals include species that live their entire live in the water and depend on it for survival, such as whales, dolphins or manatees etc. Marine mammals are classified into four different taxonomic groups: cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses), sirenians (manatees and dugongs) marine fissipeds (polar bears and sea otters

4. Examples of aquatic Mammals Aquatic animals pertain to animals that live predominantly in different water forms, such as seas, oceans, rivers, lakes, ponds, etc.  Examples of aquatic animals include fish, jellyfish, sharks, whales, octopus, barnacle, sea otters, crocodiles, crabs, dolphins, eels, rays, mussels, and so on.

5. Characteristics Aquatic is to refer freshwater Aquatic talks about animals that grows at lakes and rivers Land-dwelling ancestors Warm-blooded Breathe air Mammary glands for milk They all have 3 ear bones Bear live young Most of them have different kinds of teeth 4 chambered hearts. highly developed brain

6. List of Aquatic Mammals: Whales, dolphins, porpoises, manatee and dugong are completely aquatic; seals​, sea lions, walrus, hippopotamus, platypus, otters, beavers and nutria.

7. Where Do they live? All over the ocean They migrate often based on seasons, breeding and feeding cycles. Some live in the Arctic (Polar Bears) Some live along the Pacific Coast (Sea Otters) Some live in the West Indies (Dugongs)

8. How Do they survive? T hermoregulation- adaptation to the water. B lubber- stores fat and energy. fur traps a layer of air next to the skin to keep it dry. Vasodilation- controls body temperature by controlling blood flow.

9. Distribution Marine mammals are widely distributed throughout the globe, but their distribution is patchy and coincides with the productivity of the oceans Species richness peaks at around 40° latitude, both north and south. This corresponds to the highest levels of  primary production  around North and South  America ,  Africa ,  Asia  and  Australia . Total species range is highly variable for marine mammal species .

10. Distribution of Aquatic Mammals Aquatic mammals found in almost all the different marine environments, and their distribution varies according to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics In the case of pinnipeds, the breeding and molting habitats on land or ice also characterize their distribution. In the polar bear, breeding and cub-rearing habitats are also relevant. In freshwater environments : Aquatic mammals are found in rivers and lakes. Examples of riverine species are the river dolphins. A few Phocidae live in freshwater inland lakes

11. I n marine environments generally described as coastal, neritic, or oceanic. Examples coastal waters are populations of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.), sea otters (.Enhydra lutris), and dugongs {Dugong dugon). neritic species gray whales ( Eschrichtius robustus), harbor porpoise ( Phocoena phocoena ), and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). oceanic species include the sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) and beaked whales (family Ziphiidae).

12. Class MAMMALIA (Order CETACEA) Whales, dolphins, and porpoises • 86 species worldwide and are found in coastal and estuarine waters • Fusiform body shape with no external ears • Hind limbs are reduced and only vestiges of them found inside the body • Front limbs turned into flippers, and most species possess a single dorsal fin • Males slit are more widely separated while females are closer. Also, females have two mammary slits

13. Whale Whales can be found inhabiting all of the world's major oceans, from the Arctic and Antarctic oceans to the tropical waters in and around the equator's center.  Whales live only in water Most of the larger giant  whales  live in areas that are cold. Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully  aquatic   placental   marine mammals . streamlined bodies front limbs have been modified into broad flippers Whales lack back limbs and external ears . A thick layer of blubber beneath their skin helps to conserve heat.

14. D olphins Dolphin  is the common name of  aquatic mammals  within the infraorder  Cetacea . R iver dolphins  are completely aquatic and fully dependent on aquatic ecosystems.  Physical Appearance .  color from light gray to dark gray on their backs , lightens to white on their underbellies and beneath their jaws Dolphins  live in open oceans, coastal waters that include bays and inlets, river basins, certain inland seas, gulfs, and in channels dolphins   eat a lot, so they tend to spend the majority of their time in areas where they have access to an abundant food supply which can include extended depths.

15. Class MAMMALIA Order PINNIPEDS Seals, Sea Lions & Walrus • Large layers if blubber under the skin streamlining their shape • 33 species with 3 families: 1. Phocidae (true seals) - visible ear flaps 2. Otariidae (eared seals) – do not have visible ear flaps 3. Odobenidae (walrus) –

16. Seals Seals live in the oceans of the Northern and Southern hemispheres, primarily in polar, subpolar and temperate climates, with the exception of tropical monk seals A quatic carnivores have a streamlined shape, flippers and webbed feet . They have no visible external ears. Millions of years of adaptation to the sea have made seals expert swimmers and divers, but they are quite awkward on land. A thick layer of oily fat or blubber up to 3 inches thick insulates them by maintaining a body temperature around 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Among the 18 species are leopard seal, harp seal, common or harbor seal, gray seal, Weddell seal, spotted seal, ringed seal and Baikal seal.

17. Sea lions Sea lions have conspicuous external ears. Their four limbs give them good mobility on land. The 13 species of sea lions are divided into two groups , sea lions and fur seals. The California sea lion, native to the southwest coast of North America, is the most abundant species of sea lion. The northern fur seal migrates in winter from the Bering Sea to California and Japan. Distribution: found along the coast of the eastern North Pacific, from southern British Columbia to western Mexico including Baja California. California  sea lions  breed on islands off the coasts of California and Baja California, including the Channel Islands, Guadalupe, San Benitos , and Cedros.

18. W alrus The walrus is found in the Arctic Ocean and in subarctic seas. Walruses spend much of their time on land, but they are graceful in water Dive up to 180 feet deep for clams and shellfish on the ocean floor, staying underwater for up to 30 minutes. The adult male walrus weighs more than 2,000 pounds . Its upper canines form tusks up to 27 inches long that it hooks into ice floes to pull itself out of the water. Walruses live up to 40 years in the wild.

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