Arches of foot

anatomy of foot , arches of foot

1. ARCHES OF FOOT By Dr. Harsha surath

2. FUNCTIONS OF FOOT Support body weight As shock absorbers As spring boards for propelling during walking, running, and jumping. It can adapt itself to uneven surfaces. Long flexors and small muscles of the foot assist in propulsive action

3. The weight of the body transferred to talus from tibia Then it is transmitted to calcaneus Anteriorly the ball of foot

4. Between these weight bearing points are the elastic arches of the foot Slightly flattened by body weight during standing Recoil back to normal-weight removed

5. Arches of Foot Longitudinal arch of the foot Medial longitudinal arch Lateral longitudinal arch Transverse arch of the foot

6. Medial longitudinal arch Higher and important than lateral Composed of – Calcaneous - Talus - Navicular - 3 cuneiform - 3 metatarsals Talar head is key stone of this arch

7. Tibialis anterior attached to – 1 st metatarsal,medial cuneiform – strength for this arch. Fibularis longus tendon – pass laterally to this arch providing support

8. Lateral longitudinal Arch Flatter than medial longitudinal arch. Rests on the ground during standing. It is made up of – calcaneous , cuboid , 2 lateral metatarsals.

9. Transverse arch Runs from side to side It is formed by – cuboid , cuneiforms, bases of metatarssals Medial and lateral parts of longitudinal arch act as pillars Tendons of fibularis longus and tibialis posterior

10. Integrity of bony arches Maintained by passive factors and dynamic supports

11. Passive factors Shape of the united bones Four successive layers of fibrous tissue – bowstring the longitudinal arch Plantar aponeurosis Long plantar ligament Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

12. Dynamic supports Active bracing action of intrinsic muscles of foot Active and tonic contraction of muscles with long tendons extending in to foot Flexor hallusis and digitorum longus – longitudinal arch Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior – transverse arch Plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis bear greatest stress and important in maintaining arches

13. MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT SHAPE OF BONES Bones are wedge-shaped with the thin edge lying inferiorly This applies particularly to the bone occupying the center of the arch “keystone”

14. MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT INFERIOR EDGES OF BONES ARE TIED TOGETHER

15. MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT TYING THE ENDS OF THE ARCH TOGETHER

16. MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT SUSPENDING THE ARCH FROM ABOVE Medial longtitudinal arch : tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, medial ligament of ankle joint Lateral longtitudinal arch : peroneus longus , peroneus brevis Transverse arch : peroneus longus

17. MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT SUSPENDING THE ARCH FROM ABOVE

18. REFERENCES - clinical oriented Anatomy 6 th edition, by Keith L Moore - Greys Anatomy thank you …