archival-research-doctor-of-philosophy-phd-in-history-1.pptx

PHILOSOPHY GRADE 12

1. THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY

2. The human person exists to relate others. The person is by nature a social being because he has the tendency to go out of himself to form bonds and relationship with others. Our freedom gives us the opportunity to pursue various activities to achieve our goals and attain well-being happiness. WHAT DRIVES HUMAN TO ESTABLISH SOCIETIES?

3. Society also makes possible the emergence of certain individuals .The survival of a human being is essentially rooted in a society and human relations. Example: Filipinos value family ties with family members .Western families send elderly to retirement homes.

4. The formation of human relationships is shaped by how people interact on platforms like Facebook, where the focus on likes and external validation can affect individuals' self-perception and well-being. This highlights the importance of understanding the role of social media in shaping human relationships and the impact of societal norms on individual behavior.

5. SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY According to Thomas Hobbes , individuals in their natural state are driven by desires that often lead to conflicts. While, John Locke believed that people are more cooperative, and society is formed through the consent of individuals. On the other hand, Jean Jacques Rousseau advocated the concept of the general will. Another philosopher, John Rawls redefined the social contract and explained that human beings approach social cooperation in a rational manner in order to meet their individual self-interest. Moreover, David Gauthier described people self- interest as a significant factor in building and maintaining societies.

6. FORMS OF SOCIETIES Medieval Period (500-1500 CE) Feudalism was a predominant way of life during this period, with the Church exerting significant influence in Europe. The center of life revolved around faith, as highlighted by St. Anselm's emphasizing the importance of faith over reason.

7. Modern Period (1500-1800 CE) The Modern Period saw a shift in philosophical thought with an attack on the rejection of the Middle Ages. This era also witnessed the rise of the Protestant ethic and modern capitalism, along with a focus on experimentation, observation, and the application of math and science in philosophical inquiry.

8. GLOBALIZATION & TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS Globalization involves multilateral interactions in the global system. The Industrial Revolution introduced new inventions that changed people's way of life. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is capable of being smarter than people. Technology influences society and has led to the sacrifice of humanity and the world. Science and Technology have evolved into ideologies rather than standalone phenomena.

9. THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIETIES Hunting and Gathering Societies- the earliest and simplest form of society It is generally characterized by its small size and its composed mainly of families. Pastoral Society - characterized by the domestication of animals for food for a more stable and predictable food supply. Horticultural Society - primarily engages in the small scale cultivation of plants, fruits and vegetables and domestication of animals. Agrarian or Agricultural Society - This type of society is further evolution of the pastoral and horticultural societies

10. Agrarian or Agricultural Society - This type of society is further evolution of the pastoral and horticultural societies. Agriculture involves the large scales and longterm cultivation of crops and domestication of animals. This society is characterized by improved technology and the use of tools to aid farming. Improved technology and farming methods result in increased production, giving rise to a growing population in agricultural societes. The large population of agricultural societies led to a more structured social system. That helps manage resource and its members. The increasingly complex social organization and growing importance of territory often result in conflicts among neighbor societies over resource and land.

11. Industrial Society- Is based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services. The advances in science and technology in the late 18th century resulted in the Industrial Revolution, which in turn gave rise to new production and industrial methods, as well as innovations, in transportation and communication. The capitalists or business owners are considered the most influential. This type of society is also characterized by cultural diversity and the presence of bureaucratic forms of organization.

12. Post-Industrial Society - I marked by the establishment of societies based on knowledge, information, and the sale of services. Led by the human mind and aided by highly advanced technology, the trend has shifted from industry to the generation, storage, manipulation, and sale of information. Information influences the behavior of people and has thus become a very important commodity in the post- industrial society.

13. The persons and the society have a very dynamic relationship in which one cannot exist without the other. Because of this, it is important to consider society’s role in the growth and development of a person, and the person’s role in transforming society. HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR DEVELOPMENT AS PERSONS?

14. Society is the backdrop by which we adopt the prevailing culture, identity, values, ideas and knowledge of the persons, groups, and communities that surround us. Society influences the interactions of its members through the establishment of norms, which are set of traits and behavior that society considers acceptable and are thus encouraged and passed on the other members. Laws in our society, which are more formal and stringent norms, define acceptable behavior of our citizens. Society also transforms human relations, which leads to the transformation of its members. A person will undertake various social roles as he continually interacts with other members of society.

15. Heidegger begins "The Question Concerning Technology" by examining the relationship between humans and technology, a relationship Heidegger calls a "free relationship". If this relationship is free, it "opens our human existence to the essence of technology". This essence of technology, however, has nothing to do with technology. Rather, as Heidegger suggests, "the essence of a thing is considered to be what the thing is". Martin Heidegger