ARISTOTLE_MODEL_QUARTER1_MODULE2_LESSON.pdf

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1. Oral Communication
in Context
Semester 1 – Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Models of Communication
Lesson 1: Aristotle’s Model
SHS

2. Oral Communication in Context – Grade 11
Semester 1 – Quarter 1 - Module 2
LESSON 1: Aristotle’s Model

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad
Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin
























Development Team of the Module


Writer: Emil Asejo

Editors: Nida D. Bernaldez
Carlita L. Briones
Minerva P. Antang
Reviewers: Nida D. Bernaldez
Iriga City Division (headed by Dr. Claudia Marilou S. Marpuri)
Illustrator: Albert B. Belir
Layout Artist: Alexis I. Piñgol

3. 1




Oral Communication in Context
Module




MELC 2-Q1. Models of Communication




























First Semester, Module 2

4. 2

LESSON 1: MODELS OF COMMUNICATION


Content Standard

The learner understands the nature and elements of oral communication in
context.

Performance Standard

The learner designs and performs effective controlled and uncontrolled oral
communication activities based on context.

Learning Competency

Differentiates the various models of communication (EN11/12OC-Ia-3)

General Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students should have:

1. explained each model;
2. compared and contrasted the models of communication from
theorists/proponents;
3. enumerated reasons for studying the models; and
4. come up with their own model of communication.

5. 3

Model 1: Aristotle’s Model

Specific Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the students should have:

1. identified the elements of Aristotle’s model;
2. explained Aristotle’s model;
3. applied Aristotle’s model to a contemporary social issue; and
4. presented an output exhibiting Aristotle’s model.


Let’s Get Started!

Are you familiar with the game 4 Pics 1 Word? If yes, you know the drill already.
If not, here’s how it is done.
As the name of the game suggests, there are four pictures that have a similarity;
hence, one word. This one word could be a noun, a verb, or an adjective. Try to study
the pictures as critically as possible to get what these pictures have in common.
Rearrange the jumbled letters at the bottom of each item to get the answer. The first
one is done for you.
















1. 2.








A O E R C S
I W N H R T
A O E R C S
K A E H R P
A N C I E N T
P W E Z C S
A Y I H E T

6. 4

3. 4.













5.













After answering each item, please try to look for words with similar meaning. You
can list as many words as you can and reserve them for the following lessons.

Pre-Test

Match Column A with Column B. In your notebook, write your answer before each
item.

A B

____1. speaker a. the message sent by the sender to the receiver
____2. speech b. the situation where the speech happened
____3. occasion c. the influence created to the receiver
____4. audience d. prepares the speech and analyzes his audience
____5. effect e. they are passive and influenced by the speech



A O E R C U
I D N H E T
S O A B C S
I C N L S M
B G E L C F
F H K E N T

7. 5


Learning Activities

Discussion 1: About the Proponent

By this time, we should all be aware of what communication
is, its process, functions, and nature. However, just like any other
processes, variations exist. These variations in processes are where
models are born. It should be noted nevertheless that the process
may have different labels, but the concept is just the same.

In this lesson, let us discuss the oldest model of
communication, which was proposed by Aristotle before 300 B.C. It
derived its name from its proponent; hence, Aristotle’s Model of Communication.

But before that, here’s a short activity to know something about Aristotle.

Put a check (✓) mark before the number of the item which you think is TRUE about
Aristotle. If you think the information is false, change the underlined word/phrase to make
the statement correct. Then, write it on the blank provided. Use your notebook for this
activity.

__________1. Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher.
__________2. Aristotle was born circa 354 B.C.
__________3. When Aristotle turned 17, he enrolled at Plato’s Academy.
__________4. Aristotle remained closely affiliated with and influenced by the
Babylonian court for the rest of his life.
__________5. Proxenus, Aristotle’s guardian sent him to Athens to pursue a higher
education.
__________6. One of the main focuses of Aristotle’s philosophy was his systematic
concept of logic.
__________7. Mathematics was among the subjects that Aristotle researched at length
during his time at the Lyceum.
__________8. In 338 B.C., Aristotle went home to Macedonia to start tutoring King
Phillip II’s son, the then 13-year-old Charlemagne.
__________9. In 335 B.C., Aristotle opened the Parthenon.
__________10. Aristotle contracted a disease of the respiratory system and died.

Now, let us see if you got it correctly. Here is a short biography about Aristotle
(Biography.com 2019).

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, together with Socrates and Plato, laid much
of the groundwork for western philosophy.

Aristotle (c. 384 B.C. to 322 B.C.) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist
who is still considered one of the greatest thinkers in politics, psychology and ethics.

8. 6

When Aristotle turned 17, he enrolled at Plato’s Academy. In 335, Aristotle founded his
own school, the Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent most of the rest of his life studying,
teaching and writing. Some of his most notable works include Nichomachean Ethics,
Politics, Metaphysics, Poetics and Prior Analytics. He had also been closely affiliated
and influenced by the Macedonian court because of his father, who was court physician
to King Amyntas II.

Aristotle’s work on philosophy influenced ideas from late antiquity all the way
through the Renaissance. One of the main focuses of Aristotle’s philosophy was his
systematic concept of logic. Aristotle’s objective was to come up with a universal process
of reasoning that would allow man to learn every conceivable thing about reality. The
initial process involved describing objects based on their characteristics, states of being
and actions.

Although Aristotle was not technically a scientist by today’s definitions, science
was among the subjects that he researched at length during his time at the Lyceum.
Aristotle believed that knowledge could be obtained through interacting with physical
objects. He concluded that objects were made up of a potential that circumstances then
manipulated to determine the object’s outcome. He also recognized that human
interpretation and personal associations played a role in our understanding of those
objects.

In 338 B.C., Aristotle went home to Macedonia to start tutoring King Phillip II’s son,
the then 13-year-old Alexander the Great. Phillip and Alexander both held Aristotle in high
esteem and ensured that the Macedonia court generously compensated him for his work.

In 322 B.C., just a year after he fled to Chalcis to escape prosecution under
charges of impiety, Aristotle contracted a disease of the digestive organs and died.


Discussion 2: About the elements

While exploring the human nature scientifically, Aristotle developed a linear model
of communication for oral communication known as Aristotle’s Model of Communication.
Aristotle found the importance of audience role in communication chain in his
communication model. This model is more focused on public speaking than interpersonal
communication. This is considered as the first model of communication.

Since in the prior discussion the functions, nature, and
process of communication were already explained, let us
recall if you could still identify the different elements present
in the communication process.

Below is a short passage. As you read it, identify the
elements in communication, such as sender, receiver,
message, feedback, noise, context, and channel.

9. 7



Prime Minister Mhar Rou Pok addressed the nation yesterday about the current
status of their fight against the pandemic. With him were his cabinet members, other
elected government officials, and the media personnel. The presentation began at
exactly 8:00 in the morning and was aired via various online platforms such as Facebook
and YouTube.

His speech started with the total number of casualties and recoveries caused by
this global pandemic. He also highlighted the government’s initiatives in combating the
disease. Towards the end of his speech, he mentioned the people, companies, and
countries that had always helped the country.

There was a heavy downpour of the rain, matched with thunder and lightning while
the Prime Minister was delivering his speech. This caused power and network
interruptions once in a while but, all in all, the press conference went well and ended at
exactly 9:30.


Now, complete the table below:

Elements Answers
sender
receiver
message
channel
feedback
Noise
context


Unlike the other models of communication, Aristotle’s model
is formed with five (5) elements: speaker, speech, occasion,
audience, and effect.

Aristotle’s model is speaker-centered since the audience
remains passive. The audience’s role therefore is mere receiver of
the speech. They are also influenced or persuaded by the speech.
The speaker should then be prepared beforehand by analyzing the
audience and the situation (occasion) to where the speech will be delivered to achieve
the purpose (effect).

In other words, this model is one-way, that is, from speaker to receiver. There is
no room for feedback. This is mostly applicable in public speaking such as campaigns,
State of the Nation Address (SONA), and in television and radio commercials.

10. 8












Figure 1. Aristotle’s Model of Communication


Practice Tasks

General Instructions:
1. Read each question or direction carefully.
2. Answer each item concisely.
3. Use your notebook in doing this activity.
4. You are to answer HONESTLY. Do avoid the use of
internet in performing these tasks. Good luck!


Practice Task 1:

Examine Figure 1. Supposed you are a student-teacher who is going to teach this
lesson to your fellow students. How will you explain Aristotle’s Model of Communication?
___________________________________________________ _____________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________

Practice Task 2 (for average learners):

In no more than 50 words, can we consider the sample passage above as a one-
way communication? Why or why not?

___________________________________________________ _____________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE EFFECT
OCCASION

11. 9



If your answer is yes, how can we modify it to make it a two-way communication?
Please answer in no more than 50 words.

___________________________________________________ _____________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________


Practice Task 3 (for advanced learners):

Think of any contemporary social issue that your country is facing right now. Make
an outline of your speech on how you would address the social issue you have chosen
by filling out the form below.

Title of your Speech: ___________________________________________________
Date and Venue to be Delivered: ___________________________________________
Target Occasion: _______________________________________________________
Target Audience: _______________________________________________________
Purpose: _____________________________________________ _________________
Expected Outcome: _______________________________________ ______________

Introduction: __________________________________________________________
Thesis Statement: _______________________________________ _________
Supporting Argument/s: _________________________________ ___________

Body:
Main point 1:_____________________________________________________
Sub-point 1: ________________________________________________
Sub-point 2: ________________________________________ ________
Sub-point 3 : ________________________________________________
Main point 2:_____________________________________________________
Sub-point 1: ________________________________________________
Sub-point 2: ________________________________________ ________
Sub-point 3: ________________________________________ ________
Main point 3:_____________________________________________________
Sub-point 1: ________________________________________________
Sub-point 2: _______________________________________ _________
Sub-point 3: ________________________________________ ________

Conclusion: ______________________________________________ _____________

12. 10



Rubrics for Practice Tasks 1 and 2:

Criteria 5 3 1
Content Answered the question
comprehensively, i.e.,
examples, such as real-life
situations were provided.
Answered the question but
lacked examples.
The answer provided did
not somewhat match the
question and examples
were not provided.
3 2 1
Organization The answer started with a
strong thesis statement,
followed by supporting
details and summarized in
conclusion.
The answer has thesis
statement, supporting
details and conclusion but
transition was not
established.
The student did not directly
answer the question and
lacked transition and
coherence.
2 1
Mechanics The answer is error-free in
terms of grammar,
punctuation, spelling, etc.
There is a minimal error in terms of grammar,
punctuation, spelling, etc.
Total Points for each item: 10 points


Rubrics for Practice Tasks 1 and 2:

Criteria 5 3 1
Content The details provided and
the outline from
introduction to conclusion
are factual, clear, and
convincing.
The details provided and
the outline from
introduction to conclusion
are factual, but not clear,
and convincing.
The details provided and
the outline from
introduction to conclusion
are not factual, clear, and
convincing.
3 2 1
Organization The details presented are
logically arranged, from the
most important to the least
important.
Some inconsistencies are
evident in the outline but
are still logically arranged.
There is lack of
organization that makes
the outline difficult to be
followed and understood.
2 1
Mechanics The outline is error-free in
terms of grammar,
punctuation, spelling, etc.
There is a minimal error in terms of grammar,
punctuation, spelling, etc.
Total Points for each item: 10 points

13. 11



Post-Test

Answer the Crossword puzzle below.


Assignment

Look for a video online or watch news report on television that exhibits Aristotle’s
model of communication. Then, answer the following questions:

1. What is the title of the video/headline of the news watched?
2. When and where did the video/news reporting happen?
3. How was the speech or message delivered? What medium was used?
4. Who was the target audience/viewer?
5. Was the audience/viewer given the opportunity to respond? If yes, how? If not,
why?

14. 12

KEY TO CORRECTION







































References
Biography.com. 2019. The Biography.com Website. September 10. Accessed June 13,
2020. https://www.biography.com/scholar/aristotle.


ACTIVITY 1
1.Speaker
2.Speech
3.Occasion
4.Effect
5.Audience

ACTIVITY 2
1.D
2.A
3.B
4.E
5.C

ACTIVITY 3
1.✓
2.384BC
3.✓
4.Macedonian
5.✓
6.✓
7.Science
8.Alexander the Great
9.Lyceum
10.Digestive organs

ACTIVITY 4
1.Prime Minister Mhar Rou Pok
2.The nation
3.Current status of their fight against the pandemic
4.Various online platforms such as Facebook and YouTube
5.None
6.Heavy downpour of rain, Thunder, lightning, power and network interruptions
7.Press conference, 8:00am to 9:30am

FOR PRACTICE TASKS 1 AND 2,
answers may vary

CROSSWORD PUZZLE
1.Linear
2.Effect
3.Feedback
4.Speaker
5.Plato
6.Occasion
7.Poetics
8.Audience
9.Logic
10.Lyceum