ARTERIES OF THE UPPER LIMB PPT ANATOMY PDF

ARTERIES OF THE UPPER LIMB PPT ANATOMY PDF

1. THE ARTERIES OF
THE UPPER LIMBS
SHOAIB KHAN
ALLEN DEAN ANTO
PRINCE THAKUR

2. AORTA

3. ARTERIES OF THE UPPER LIMB
The main artery supplying blood tothe upper
limbis thesubclavianartery. The trunk of the
subclavianartery is continuous throughout the
entire upper limb. During its pathway, the artery
changes its name based on the region it supplies.
Thus the major named arteries of the upper limb
are:thesubclavianartery, theaxillary artery,
thebrachial artery, and theulnarandradial artery.

6. ARTERIES OF THE SHOULDER
The main artery of the shoulder is theaxillary artery. It originates from the
subclavianartery at the lateral margin of the firstriband enters the shoulder region.
The axillary artery supplies the content of the shoulder and the arm via itssix
branchesthat each originate from the trunk of the artery in the following order:
•Superior Thoracic artery
•Thoracoacromial,lateral thoracicarteries
•Subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral,posterior circumflex humeral arteries

7. ARTERIS OF THE ARM
The major artery of the arm is thebrachial artery, which continues from
the axillary artery at the lower margin of the teresmajor muscle. The
brachial artery ends at the apex of the cubitalfossa by giving off the
forearm branches; the ulnar and radial arteries.
The brachial artery supplies the content of the arm via its four
branches:profundabrachiiartery, nutrient arteryto humerus,superior
ulnar collateral artery and inferior ulnar collateral artery.

8. ARTERIES OF THE FOREARM
The forearm region is literally full of muscles, with twenty
of them laying within two compartments, all requiring a
rich blood supply. The forearm region is thus supplied by
two major vessels, theradial arteryandulnar artery. These
arteries originate from the brachial artery at the apex of
thecubitalfossa, with the radial artery descending
through the lateral part of the forearm and the ulnar
artery through the medial part.
Both arteries give off their main branches within the
forearm; with theradial arterygiving the radial recurrent
artery, palmar carpal branch and superficial carpal branch,
and theulnar arterygiving the ulnar recurrent artery,
muscular arteries,common interosseous artery, dorsal
and palmar carpal arteries.
Brachioradialis
Extensors
Pronators

9. ARTERIES OF THE HAND
The radial and ulnar arteries both end in the
hand, merging with each other. The radial
artery mainly supplies the thumb and the
lateral side of the index finger, while the
ulnar artery supplies the medial side of the
index finger and the rest of the fingers.
These two arteries form
twoanastomoticarches in the palm, called
thesuperficial palmar archanddeep palmar
arch, from which minor arteries to the
muscles, digits and joints of the hand
originate.

11. Clinical Correlation
Upper extremity arterial disease
It is also called arm artery disease, is a type of peripheral arterial disease that can prevent blood
from reaching parts of the shoulders, arms or hands.The most common symptoms include arm
weakness during exercise, pain in the fingers, hypersensitivity to cold, and painful ulcers on the
fingers as the disease progresses.Theprimary causes of upper extremity arterial disease
are:Atherosclerosis(hardening of the arteries)
Thromboangiitisobliterans (Buerger'sdisease)
Vasculitis
Takayasu's disease
Raynaud's phenomenon
Trauma, including occupational (e.g. hypothenar hammer syndrome), recreational, and
iatrogenic.

12. Clinical Correlation
Risk factors include smoking, advanced age, male gender, diabetes, high cholesterol, and high
blood pressure.
Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging tests like ultrasound and angiography, and ruling out
underlying conditions.
Treatment depends on the cause and severity, and may include medications, lifestyle changes,
angioplasty, stenting, or surgery.Addressing risk factors through smoking cessation, healthy diet,
and exercise is important.

13. Clinical Correlation
VASCULITIS
Vasculitis is an inflammation of blood vessel walls that can affect arteries and veins of various sizes,
including those in the upper extremities.
Some common types of vasculitis that can impact the upper limb arteries include:
1.Takayasu arteritis -a large vessel vasculitis that predominantly affects the aorta and its major branches,
including the subclavian and axillary arteries. This can cause reduced blood flow, arm claudication, and
limb ischemia.
2.Buerger'sdisease (thromboangiitisobliterans) -a medium and small vessel vasculitis that primarily
affects the arteries and veins of the hands and feet, often leading to ischemic pain, ulcers, and gangrene.
3.Polyarteritis nodosa -a medium vessel vasculitis that can involve the upper extremity arteries, causing
ischemic symptoms.
4.IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönleinpurpura) -a small vessel vasculitis that can present with purpuric skin
lesions on the extremities.

14. Clinical Correlation
Symptoms of upper limb vasculitis may include arm/hand pain, numbness, weakness, color
changes, diminished pulses, and ischemic ulcers or gangrene.
Diagnosis relies on clinical findings, laboratory tests, imaging, and sometimes biopsy. Treatment
typically involves immunosuppressive medications and addressing any underlying causes.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent permanent tissue damage and limb loss in
severe cases of upper extremity vasculitis.