Arteriosclerosis.pptx presentation bigxc

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1. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS BY NURSE EYE BEE

2. Definition Types Risk factors symptoms Causes Pathophysiology Diagnosis Management Contents

3. Arteriosclerosis occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from the heart to the rest of the body (arteries) become thick and stiff — sometimes restricting blood flow to the organs and tissues. Healthy arteries are flexible and elastic. But over time, the walls in the arteries can harden, a condition commonly called hardening of the arteries DEFINITION

4. There are three main types of arteriosclerosis: 1.Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is the gradual buildup of plaque (atheroma) in the walls of your medium and large arteries. A few examples include your: Aorta. Coronary arteries. Carotid arteries. Femoral arteries. Iliac arteries. Plaque builds up in the innermost layer of your artery wall (tunica intima). Types of arteriosclerosis

5. 2.Arteriolosclerosis While atherosclerosis affects medium or large arteries, arteriolosclerosis affects small arteries. These are called your arterioles, and they’re the connectors between your larger arteries and your capillaries. They play an important role in controlling your blood pressure, or how forcefully blood moves through your body. Types cont.

6. Another name for this condition is medial arterial calcification. It means there’s calcium buildup in the middle layer of your artery wall (tunica media). Calcification of this middle layer causes your artery wall to harden. This often happens in people older than 50, but it may happen sooner if you have certain medical conditions (like chronic kidney disease). This condition can cause blood flow problems and raise your risk for cardiovascular complications. Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis

7. Chronic kidney disease. High blood pressure. High cholesterol. Increasing age. Lack of physical activity. Metabolic syndrome. Tobacco use. Type 2 diabetes Risk factors

8. Burning or aching pain in your feet at rest. Changes in how often you pee. Chest pain or discomfort. Dizziness. Dry, itchy or numb skin. Fatigue. Heart palpitations. Symptoms

9. Leg pain (intermittent claudication). Nausea or vomiting. Shortness of breath. Slurred speech or trouble communicating. Sores on your feet. Swelling (edema). Vision loss in one eye. Weakness on one side of your body. Symptoms cont.

10. Changes to your artery wall cause arteriosclerosis. These changes are microscopic at first and happen at the level of your cells. For example, damage to your artery’s inner lining (endothelium) causes atherosclerosis. Often, such changes happen as you get older. There’s nothing you can do to prevent age-related risk. That’s why it’s important to learn about other risk factors that you may be able to manage, like lifestyle Causes

11. Arteriosclerosis lesions arise when the intima of the artery wall begins to fill with cellular wastes. Once these begin to mature, they can develop various kinds of arteriosclerosis. They are connected with common characteristics such as arterial vessel stiffening, arterial wall thickening, and the degenerative nature of the disease. Pathophysiology

12. Abdominal ultrasound. Angiography. Ankle-brachial index. Carotid ultrasound. Chest X-ray. Computed tomography (CT) scan. Echocardiogram (echo). Electrocardiogram (EKG). Exercise stress test. Diagnosis

13. Medical management Statin Anticoagulant Captopril Nifidifine Atenalol Management

14. Surgical management: Angioplasty Coronary stent Management cont.

15. Life style changes: Lifestyle changes (like exercise, healthy eating or quitting tobacco use). Management cont.

16. Nursing management: Assessment Gather information about patient information and activities in PQRS format Assess the patient family to understand about the diagnosis Identify patient and family level of anxiety and use appropriate coping mechanism Obtain and asses ECG Management cont.

17. Check vital sign and report Evaluate patient medical history for such condition Management cont.

18. Anxiety related to chest pain, uncertain prognosis, and threatening environment Increase in exertion in work load Inadequate blood supply to the heart Ineffective cardiac muscle contraction Narrowed arteries. Vasospasm of the coronary arteries. Nursing diagnosis