Artifacts in conventional radiology.pptx

THIS PRESENTAION CONNSISTING OF X RAY ARTIFACTS AND THERE APROPRETE CORRECTIVE MEASURES WELL.AND EXPLAINED EACH AND EVERY TERM MAGNIFFICILENTLLY.DIFFERNCE BETWEEN ERRORS AND ARTIFACTS .AND CLASSIFICATION OF ARTIFACTS
ITS COMMON CAUSES

1. Artifacts in x-ray Vani pushpa Mrit 1st year Reg.no 210513027

2. Any appearance/opacity on a radiograph which doesn’t represents an actual anatomic structure within the patient being radiographed . What is Artifacts ?

3. Artifacts (us) or artefacts (European)

4. Errors vs artifacts ERRORS ARTIFACTS Errors occurred by a human being i.e., by patient or by technologist Errors can be avoided by technologist. Artifacts occurred, even thought we give 100% effort. Artifacts may be avoided

5. Common causes Improper handling of the films While processing the films Patient movement while taking the image

6. TYPES

7. Motion artifact Movement of a patient or cassette or x ray tube head during exposure will result in a Blurred image Poor clarity Radiographic errors and artifacts

8. Strategy : The operator should explain the patient and remind him/ her to remain motionless during exposure . Sedation Stable x ray cassette Stable x ray unit

9. twin/double exposure Superimposition of two structures from different locations due to double exposure of same film/plate Strategy : Prefer immediate processing Avoid placing exposed cassettes in area of unexposed cassettes. Proper erasing of cassettes Radiographic errors and artifacts

10. If a cassette is exposed and laid aside for later processing , unfortunately the operator may pick the cassette which is already exposed and use it again. This result in double exposure. Another error?

11. Radiopaque objects Radiopaque objects on/external to the patient (e.g. Jewelry,(buttons), hair (ponytail, hair braids) hearing aid etc.). Implants Strategy : All things should be removed before placing of the film Collection of history Radiographic errors and artifacts

12. Ghosting artifac t Latent image from previous exposure present on current exposure Strategy : Proper erasing of cassette Biomedical Computed Radiography Image Artifacts Revisited : American Journal of Roentgenology : Vol. 196, No. 1 (AJR) (ajronline.org )

13. stitching artifacts Occur when two separate DR/CR (digital/computed radiography) images are merged into a single image. 

14. Inappropriate exposure   Image shows underexposed grainy radiograph of kidney and upper bladder in which quantum mottle is evident and image quality is degraded. Strategy : Increasing milliampere seconds

15. Under exposure Over exposure Too low mAs or kVp Too high mAs r KVp Body size high Body size low Increased FFD Decreased FFD Under development Over development Strategy : Maintaining proper exposure techniques according to anatomy of imaging, patient’s body thickness.

16. Under exposure Over exposure

17. Grid cutoff Grid is not aligned with the beam. Loss of primary radiation as a result of undesirable absorption. Too light and less contrast image. Strategy: C heck the grid alignment Tube head Radiographic artifacts

18. Light bulb effect. Darkening occurs because of either high peak kilovoltage technique used in obese patients or improper collimation. ajronline.org/ doi /full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563 Strategy : 1. Maintaining exposure techniques. 2. Collimation should corrected.

19. DUST/POWDER Artifacts due to dust particles on imaging plate. Radiographs of right elbow joint and left thigh show radiopacities overlying soft tissues, which mimic soft-tissue calcification or foreign bodies but are actually due to dust over imaging plate. Debris in the housing caused by the collimator tube can cause small trapezoidal regions. jronline.org/ doi /full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563

20. Strategy : 1. Imaging plates should cleaned periodically. 2. If any foreign objects such as talcum power or deodorants applied on patients skin causes this artifacts, so they should cleaned before examination

21. Dot artifact The identification dot produce a circular radiolucent artifact on a final radiograph. This may interfere with interpretation of the apical are of the teeth.

22. Reticulation artifact ( orange peel appearance) When the films subjected to a sudden temperature changes between the developer and water appears as a cracked film/ ( Orange peel appearance Cracked appearance Orange peel appearance Strategy : Maintain the required temperature in solutions.

23. Disparity artifact This artifact occurs because of malfunction of roller in computed radiography reader, causing defective scanning and resulting in alteration in image contrast. In upper and lower half of chest radiograph. Lower half of chest radiograph was exposed to laser beam for longer time, which resulted in brighter image output that image suboptimal. Strategy : Required QA ajronline.org/ doi /full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563

24. Damage of imaging plate due to rollers. Chest radiograph shows linear radiopacities along right lateral chest wall. One can easily misdiagnose.  https://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563 Chest radiograph shows multiple scattered Radiopacities ( white arrows ) overlying soft Tissues of left upper abdomen due to dirt Over localized area on rollers. These can Be misdiagnosed as soft-tissue calcification. There is another radiopacity ( black arrow ) Overlying right hypochondrium mimicking Gallbladder calculus, which is actually caused by Roller damage to image plate

25. Malfunctioning rollers Anterior half of lateral skull radiograph is not visualized because slipping of feed rollers, resulting image being half read ( black arrow ). Radiopaque line ( white arrow ) is plate reader artifact Strategy : maintain equipment servicing periodically. ajronline.org/ doi /full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563

26. Communication error artifact lower part of radiograph of knee joint was not visualized because of missing lines or pixels. transmission of image was truncated because of sudden power failure. ajronline.org/ doi /full/10.2214/AJR.10.5563

27. Grid artifact Improper grid usage leading to moire pattern. Radiograph of pelvis shows wavy radiolucent lines, resulting in suboptimal image. Strategy : G rid should be maintained properly. Careful exposure American Journal of Roentgenology : Vol. 196, No. 1 (AJR) (ajronline.org)

28. errors

29. 1.Marks and prints Pressure marks Abrasion marks Hanger marks Flow marks Bending of films Finger marks or prints Sticking of films Stains

30. 2.Spots and splashes Dark spots Light spots Splashes Patchiness Finger nail scratches

31. conclusion Most radiographic artifacts can be prevented by P roper storage and handling of films Provide optimum environment for solutions Instructions to patients Exposure technique Careful attention to darkroom cleanliness Regularly scheduled processor maintenance Chemical replenishment Daily quality assurance activities

32. Lets work together for wellness not for illness