ARTIFICIAL BLOOD presentation to to.pptx

Artificial blood

1. ARTIFICIAL BLOOD

2. Artificial blood or blood surrogate is a substance used to mimic and fulfil some functions of biological blood, usually in the oxygen carrying sense. Main aim is to provide an alternative to blood transfusion, which is transferring blood or blood-based products from one person to another. It does not contain plasma, RBCs or WBCs.

3. The History of Artificial Blood Milk was one of the first substances used as a blood substitute in order to treat patients with Asiatic cholera. After several patients died by receiving milk transfusions, Other substances were discovered as potential Salt or saline solutions: used primarily as a plasma volume expander, rather than as artificial blood Hemoglobin isolated from red blood cells Animal plasma could be used as a substitute for human blood, However, since many of the materials in animal plasma are toxic to humans, this poses a problem to use it as a substitute

4. Ideal Characteristics of Artificial Blood Safe to use Compatible in the human body Able to transport and release oxygen where needed Storable and durable for longer time periods free of pathogens and toxins Viscosity similar to blood Low cost

5. Perfluorocarbons These are chemically and biologically inert, water-insoluble, synthetic aromatic or aliphatic compounds with F substituted for all H atoms of hydrocarbon, water-insoluble: so they are used as an emulsion with Puronic-68, egg yolk phospholipids, and triglycerides as emulsifying agents. They achieve 02 delivery by using organic chemicals with high gas solubility. The 02 carrying capacity of PFCs is linearly related to P02 and obeys Henry's law.

6. Potential clinical applications 1. Therapeutic (a) Blood substitutes hemorrhagic shock; hemorrhage (war, e surgery); anemia, (b) Whole-body rinse out: acute drug intoxication; acute hepatic failure. (c) Local isChemia : acute MI; evolving MI; cardiac failure; brain infarction; acute arterial thrombosis and embolism; PTCA of coronary artery (d) General ischemia: CO intoxication. (e) Aid for organ recovery: acute renal failure; acute hepatic failure; acute pancreatitis. (f) Adjuvant therapy radiotherapy; chemotherapy 2. Perfusional protection of organs during surgery — cardiopulmonary bypass 3. Preservation of donor organs, 4. Drug carrier - drug-conjugated hemoglobin and perfluorochemicals. 5. Contrast agent - (Perfluoro- octylbromide )

7. Conclusion Artificial blood is a good tool for the survival of patients at the time of surgery when blood loss is higher. It carries oxygen to tissues and can support life temporarily until patients can either regenerate their own red cells or can be transfUsed with banked blood. It can be sterilised against infectious diseases. In short term,the prospective benefits of artificial blood overshadow the shortcomings.

8. Questions