Artificial classification system

presentation about systematics anatomy of plants

1. SYSTEMETIC OF PLANTS,ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT PRESENTED TO : MISS MADEEHA PRESENTED BY : MUBAIKA SEHER

2. ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM CONTENTS Definition Types History Examples Artificial classification system Linnaeus classification system Merits Demerits

3. ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Definition “ The arrangement of plants into groups and sub groups on the basis of similarities is called classification . The characters which are uses as basis of classification are called criteria of classification.” TYPES Artificial classification system Natural classification system Phylogenetic classification system

4. ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Definition: “ The classification system based only one or two morphological characters for the identification of plants is called artificial classification system.” OR “The ordering of organisms into groups on the basis of non-evolutionary features; e.g,the grouping together of plants according to the number and situation of their stamens,style and stigma rather than their evolutionary relationship.” EXAMPLE Linnaeus system is the example of artificial classification system.

5. HISTORY It is considered the earliest classification system, plants are classified on the basis of one or very few specially choosen characters. Theophrastus ; divided the plants on the basis of form and texture – Herbs, Shrubs, Under shrubs and Trees. He gave names and description to about 480 plants in his book ‘ Historia plantarum ’ which is the oldest botanical work in existence . John Ray a British botanist divided plants into Imperfectae (non- flowering) and Perfectea (seed- plants). Carolus Linnaeus regarded as the “Father of Systematic Botany”‘, published artificial system based exclusively on floral characters.

6. CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM OF CARLOUS LINNAEUS The classification system of Linnaeus was based on floral characters .He chiefly used characters of stamens.Therefore,his system is called sexual system. This system is very convenient for the identification of plants .He presented his classification system into two books. Species Plantarun Genera Plantarum SCHEME OF LINNAEUS SYSTEM He formed 24 classes of plants on the basis characters of stamens,he placed many unrelated plants in a single group due to common characters of stamens.

7. He also used the condition of perigynous,hypogynous,dynamous,filaments fused or not,anther attachment,presence of male and female flowers. Monodria ( Flower with 1 stamen) Diandria ( flower with 2 stamens) Triandra ( flower with 3 stamens) Tetrandria (flower with 4 stamens) Pentrandria (flower with 5 stamens) Hexandria (flower with 6 stamens) Heptandria (flower with 7 stamens) Octandria (flower with 8 stamens) Enneandria (flower with 9 stamens) Decandria (flower with 10 stamens) Dodecandria (flowers with 12 stamens) Isoandria (flower with more than 20 stamens and hypogynous condition) Polyandria (flowers with more than 20 stamens with hypogynous condition)  

8. Didynamia (Stamens didynamous ) Tetradynamia (stamens tetradynamous ) Monadelphia ( fused stamens monadelphous ) Diadelphia (stamens diadelphous ) Polyadelphia (stamens polyadelphous ) Syngenesia (stamens syngenesious ) Gynandria (stamens fused to their pistil) Monoacia (they have male and female flowers on same plants) Dioecia (they ha) Polygamia (plants polygamous Cryptogamia (non -flowering plants i.e,cryptogams which include algae,fungi,mosses and ferns)  

9. MERITS Linnaeus was first who introduced some system of classification. It gave some basic knowledge of classification.So it was widely accepted by the texanomist of that time. It provided a reference work.He gave clear cut concept of species . This system is still used today. The merit of this system is the quick and easy identification of plants based on one or a few characteristics.

10. DEMERITS Only a few characters are considered Members of different groups are usually not similar in hereditary pattern Stable classification system Provide only limited information Cannot add new work Difficult for identifying a particular specie or genera Not related phylogenetically