artificial lighting

artificial lights

1. Artificial lights Building science Presented by: Shanti Renu Anzalee 1

2. Index Introduction to light sources History of artificial light types Evolution of light Basic types of lighting What Kind of lighting used in different areas -Process of light used How are we Achieving the light Conclusion 2

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4. Light sources 4

5. What is Artificial lighting? Man made lighting For human to function properly Kitchen area 5   All artificial light can be turned on and off with a switch.

6. Artificial light and color 6

7. A rtificial light types Three major types of light: -Incandescent Light -Fluorescent Light -Discharge Light/ LED Lights 7

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9. History of artificial light types 1. Incandescent light Filament heated by an electric current produces light rays Less energy efficient Thomas Alva Edison invented the first electric light bulbs in 1879AD 9

10. History of artificial light types 1. Incandescent light Contains nitrogen or argon gas Tungsten filament with lead wires- burns when electricity is passed Also called as tungsten filament bulb Advantage-light quality and color are very consistent Disadvantage- requires lot of energy and faster degradation of filament leading to shorter lifespan 10

11. History of artificial light types 2. Fluorescent Lights low pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp  that uses fluorescence to produce visible light . More Energy efficient than incandescent light Peter Cooper Hewitt, Edmund Germer invented mercury vapor lamp Firstly, fluorescent tube lights were invented by and improved in 1934AD by George inman and Richard thayer 11

12. History of artificial light types 2. Fluorescent Lights Contains argon/krpton as gas vapor with phosper coating on the walls of glass tube Secondly, CFL( compact fluorescent lights) were developed in the shape of incandescent lamps Edward hammer invented the CFL bulbs in 1976AD Advantage: cooler and more energy efficient than incandescent Disadvantage: mercury is dangerous- if bulb is broken, it can present a health hazard 12

13. History of artificial light types 3. Discharge Lamps Discharge lamps provide high luminous efficacy combined with long life, resulting in the most economical light source available Types of gas-discharge lamps : A- Low pressure discharge lamps B- High pressure discharge lamps C- High-intensity discharge lamp  13

14. History of artificial light types 4.LED is high intensity discharge lights LED(light emitting diode) use semi-conductors to convert electrical energy directly into light.  Colorful LED indicators were invented at the time of CFL invention LED began just as indicator in calculators, traffic signs, etc. White LED lights were invented by Nick Holonyack in 2006 Become most efficient light sources as it consumes less energy and lifespan is higher than other Advantage: colorful lights and highly efficient 14

15. Types of lighting 1. Ambient lighting: Known as general lighting provides an area with overall illumination It can brighten and enhance the glow of the room Such as surface and recessed wall light and uplight 15

16. Ambient lighting 16 Living room of house Cafeteria of school

17. Types of lighting 2. Task lighting Helps to perform a task such as reading, cooking food, involving in any types of important task Should be free of distracting glares and shadows Such as CFL, Tube lights are used Table lamps Kitchen downlighting 17

18. Task lighting Study table Kitchen area Office task light 18

19. Types of lighting 3. Accent lighting used to highlight the certain features like walls and object in the room . focal point of the room which draws attention of people entering the room . Such as chandeliers, pendants, table lamps and some wall lights . also considered decorative lighting as it adds drama and style by highlighting key objects and focal points in interiors Table lamp A table lamp casting interesting shadow and light patterns 19 Chandeliers with decorative wall lights

20. Accent lighting Ceilings Object and outdoor lighting 20

21. Different Kinds of lighting used in different areas Lights can be varied with the need of the light to that space. Example places like , in school, in houses, in office, in theatre, and more. 1. Inside school areas In school building area, natural and artificial lights are equally need Learning spaces like classrooms, labs, studios, etc. use types Fluorescent lamps and LED lights rather than incandescent bulbs 21

22. Different Kinds of lighting used in different areas 1. Inside school areas In classroom and hallways general downlighting can be used In labs, art rooms and special areas, task lighting are preferred Things like dimmers and occupancy sensors  make it possible to use only the amount of light that’s needed Illuminate target areas, such as whiteboards, chalkboards, and presentation areas. Hallways and cafeteria design by   AR.Chérine Saroufim Sacy Making the switch to premier bulbs and fixtures might demand considerable upfront effort or investment, yet it pays off in the end with lower energy costs and healthier, more productive students and educators. 22

23. Different Kinds of lighting used in different areas 2. Inside house Incandescent lights were used Nowadays, CFL and LED lights are mostly used General lighting are used in almost all the place of home Task lighting are used in the study room, kitchen areas- free of glare Accent lighting are used to decorate the home Designed by designer Doris Pearlman 23

24. Different Kinds of lighting used in different areas 2. Inside house A decorative chandelier or hanging foyer fixture can provide significant illumination - serving as a beautiful focal point for living areas . General downlighting are avoided and task lighting are used without glare 24 Designed by designer Doris Pearlman

25. Types of lighting fixtures and Lighting layouts 25 Good and bad lighting locations, causing or avoiding glare

26. How are we Achieving light? Two types of electrical circuit: series and parallel In a series circuit, the current through each of the components is the same, and the  voltage across the circuit is the sum of the voltages across each component . In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each of the components is the same, and the total current is the sum of the currents through each component . 26

27. How are we Achieving light? Series connection- if one connection fail other also fails Parallel connection- not affected by any other connection Industries and houses uses parallel circuit as it has equal amount of voltage and sum of current- make cheap with high voltage 27

28. How are we Achieving light? Used in most homes Able to supply ample power for most smaller customers, including homes and small, non-industrial businesses Adequate for running motors up to about 5 horsepower Common in large businesses, as well as industry and manufacturing Expensive to convert from an existing single-phase installation, but 3-phase allows for smaller, less expensive wiring and lower voltages, making it safer and less expensive to run Highly efficient for equipment designed to run on 3-phase 28 Single phase power 3- phase power

29. Advantage of three phase power 29 Common method of electric power transmission Uses less conductor material to transmit electric power than equivalent single- phase, two –phase

30. Single phase line 30 With the wave form of single-phase power, when the wave passes through zero, the power supplied at that moment is zero.

31. Three phase line 31 3-phase power has 3 distinct wave cycles that overlap. Each phase reaches its peak 120 degrees apart from the others so the level of power supplied remains consistent

32. Conclusion 32 Natural and artificial lights both are important for daily life There are different types of artificial light and basic lighting types Artificial Lighting properties can vary the use of light in different areas Achieving light varies with the need of the light In the end artificial lights are useful in any purpose

33. References 33 Todd roy , file:///C:/Users/Lenovo/Desktop/building%20Science/lighting/How%20to%20Layer%20Lighting%20and%20Make%20Your%20Home%20Shine%20-% 20Porch%20Advice.html file :///C:/Users/Lenovo/Desktop/building%20Science/lighting/Artificial%20Lighting%20Types%20and%20Design%20_% 20Electrical%20Knowhow.html August 12,2014, http ://www.premierltg.com/lighting-application-series-intelligent-school-lighting / http:// www.shopyourway.com/questions/1000761 file:///C:/Users/Lenovo/Desktop/building%20Science/lighting/Light%20Fixtures%20and%20Layout%20_% 20Sustainability%20Workshop.html

34. THANK YOU ! 34