Arts 7: Personal Ornaments of the People of Luzon

This video focuses in the different arts and crafts found in Luzon

1. Art and Crafts of Luzon Quarter | 1

2. Personal Ornamental of the People in Luzon Clothing and accessories that can be grouped together as a personal ornamentation have evolved far from utilitarian use such as protection . Personal ornaments are used for many such things. They can enhance one’s beauty, signify one’s rank , status, or wealth, and be used for superstitious beliefs or rituals.

3. Highland and Lowland Groups The various indigenous ethnic groups in Luzon can be divided geographically into two, the lowlands and highlands. Lowland: Tagalogs, Ilocanos, Pampangos , Bicolanos , and Pangasinenses Mountain ranges of Luzon: Bontocs , Ibaloys , Ifugaos , Kalingas

4. Attire and ornamentation of people of Mountain Province Tapis – a general term for a rectangular piece of cloth that is wrapped around oneself. It can be tied around the waist creating a skirt. It is the most common lower garment for the women of the highlands. The Ifugao woman usually pair it with a white woven blouse.

5. There are different kinds of tapis worn depending on the occasion. It is generally simple but with touches of colors. For the Ifugaos , the most common color of the tapis is black with red design. For the Kalingas , it comes in red, green, and yellow. They would also sew shells and beads onto their tapis.

6. Wanno and Bahag G-string clothing is typical attire of the men in the highlands: Wanno for the Ifugaos and Bahag for Kalingas . It is a long piece of woven fabric tied around waist, with its ends covering the front and the rear of the wearer. The common color of the wanno are red and black , while green , and yellow for the bahag .

7. Addition to the traditional costumes The people of the Mountain Province uses of different accessories and ornamentals to make themselves more attractive. They wear bracelets, headdresses, necklaces, and earrings made of beads, shells, metals, animal parts, and other products.

8. Examples: Ulo di kang -o -is a headdress worn by an Ifugao groom during his wedding. It is made of a long woven piece of cloth attached to the beak of a hornbill, which is believed to bring good luck.

9. Lingling-o or Dinumug -Is an amulet usually worn as a necklace, although some used it as earrings. -It is shaped like the female reproductive organ as a symbol of fertility and love. It is made of metal like bronze, but some are made of jade

10. Fikum Is a plate-sized disc made of mother-of-pearl shells. The outer area of the disc is decorated with incised geometric patterns similar to their tattoos. This is worn around the waist by the Bontoc headhunters to separate themselves from the other members of the group.

11. Tattoos Tattoos are a type of body ornamentation wherein a permanent and indelible mark is made on the body through the insertion of pigment under the skin. Tattoos are also made for religious reasons or as identifying marks of one’s affiliation or group.

12. Batok or Batek – tattoos specifically to those of Kalingas and were a source of pride and admiration. Tattoos are used to celebrate significant events in one’s life: -symbolize one’s coming of age -signify one’s sign reaching adulthood -used for marriage ceremony - sign of honor and accomplishment (winning a war, bringing honor to the community)

13. Batek is made using an instrument such as a stick or a part of a carabao horn, whose tips are laced with barbs such as thorns or shards of shells. This tool is then dipped in ink and is tapped repeatedly onto the skin. This rhythmic motion pierces through the skin, which result in ink deposit onto the cuts and eventually permanent markings. The process is quite long and painful, and the wounds often take months to heal.

14. The design and the meaning of the tattoos differ from place to place. The tattoos can be stylized interpretations of nature like rivers, trees, and sky; animals such as lizards and snakes; or even just collections of different geometric shapes and lines.

15. Tattoos of the Men Binulibud -is composed of three parallel lines that decorate the arm, indicating that the warrior has been successful in a headhunting expedition Biking -is a chest tattoo with symmetrical designs, which is only given to warriors whose accomplishment have exceeded the binulibud . *See pictures in your book pages 104-106

16. Khaman or head ax -is an important brand or badge a warrior must have. Parting -are three short lines that indicate the villages where the warrior fought. Pinipingao -is a styled representation of a bird. Songs of the bird during an expedition are considered good luck. *See pictures in your book pages 104-106

17. Binakuko -is a crisscross design usually placed on the upper arm, which symbolizes the paths the warrior had to trek during an expedition. Sorag (moon) -is the light and guide of the warrior when caught in the darkness of the night. Gayaman nan banas or a centipede eating a lizard -is a mythical story of the warrior taking “prey” or the “enemy’s head” *See pictures in your book pages 104-106

18. Bituwon (star) and the gayaman (centipede) -attests to the belief that bituwon gives light to the path of the warrior Dakag at the back of the undaunted warrior ( mu’urmut ) is a combination of the binulibud and the gayaman design. It is a recognition of the warrior’s exceptional and unsurpassed bravery *See pictures in your book pages 104-106

19. Tattoos of the Women Nirafa – rafat or Inufu – ufug -Represents the scales of the centipede. This is one of the most common tattoo design given to woven. -The centipede design is on the back of a Kalinga woman Sinokray (sleeves of the shirt) -translates an illusion of the upper garment, an extension of the kain (women’s skirt) *See pictures in your book pages 104-106

20. Vakul In the Northernmost part of the Philippines, you will find the Island of Batanes, the home of Ivatans . The culture of Ivatans is largely influenced by the climate of the Island. The northern tip of the country is plagued with numerous storms: hence, the Ivatans have adapted to it as seen in their houses and clothing.

21. Vakul is an umbrella-like headgear that protects the Ivatan farmers from the sun and rain It is made of woven voyavoy leaves or Philippine date palm, a tree endemic in Batanes. It also has other uses –as a mat, a pillow, and a storage for small items like matches, money, among others. It is often worn by women, while men wear the talugong or salakot paired with the kanayi , a woven vest also made of voyavoy leaves.

22. Costumes and Attires - Baro’t Saya - Terno -Barong Tagalog

23. Baro’t Saya Is a multilayered ensemble that consists: - baro (blouse) - saya (skirt) - alumpay (embroidered translucent cloth worn around the shoulder)

24. -tapis (decorated piece of cloth tied around the saya ) -kola (train of cloth incorporated with the skirt that was added in the late 1800s) - enague (hand-embroidered slip worn under the saya )

25. Accessories Payneta (large silver or gold hair combs) Mantilla – a veil worn over the head to cover the face

26. Terno An evolution of the baro’t saya . A streamlined version of the baro’t saya , consisting of the baro and saya made into one piece Its trademark are the butterfly sleeves also known as the Maria Clara

27. Barong Tagalog Is a loose-fitting, long-sleeved shirt and is the classic formal attire of Filipino men. It is translucent since it is made from plant fibers like jusi and pina and embellished with intricate embroideries. Callado – a barong tagalog with fine embroidery from Batangas. This intricate abd very detailed needlework is characterized by varying thickness, which makes it makes it almost like sculptural relief.