Arunachal Pradesh presentation for class 10th.pptx

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1. Arunachal Pradesh Name - Ashutosh Ranjan Class - 9C Roll No. - 12

2. Arunachal Pradesh History Arunachal Pradesh became a full-fledged State on 20th February, 1987. Till 1972, it was known as the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA). It gained the Union Territory status on 20 January 1972 and renamed as Arunachal Pradesh. On 15th August 1975 an elected Legislative Assembly was constituted and the first Council of Ministers assumed office. The first general election to the Assembly was held in February 1978. Administratively, the State is divided into sixteen districts. Capital of the State is Itanagar in Papum Para district. Itanagar is named after Ita fort meaning fort of bricks, built in 14th century AD. Arunachal Pradesh finds mention in the literature of Kalika Purana and Mahabharata. This place is the Prabhu Mountains of the Puranas . It was here that sage Parashuram atoned for his sin, sage Vyasa meditated, King Bismaka founded his kingdom and Lord Krishna married his Consort Rukmini . The widely scattered archaeological remains at different places in Arunachal Pradesh bear testimony to its rich cultural heritage

3. Toponomy and Geography Arunachal  (meaning 'dawn-lit mountains') and  Pradesh  (meaning 'province or territory'),  which is the sobriquet for the state in  Sanskrit.The state is also known as the  Orchid State of India  or the  Paradise of the Botanists. It lies in 27.06°N 93.37°E by covering total area 83,743 km 2  (32,333 sq mi). Its total population is 17.49 Lakhs (1,748,873). Time zone of Arunachal Pradesh is UTC+05:30 (IST).

4. The state is the largest of the North-Eastern states, spread over an area of 83,743 km 2  (32,333 sq mi). The state shares an international border, 160 km (99 mi) long with Bhutan in the west while a 1,030 km (640 mi) long border separates the state from China in the north. A 440 km (270 mi) long border exists between Arunachal Pradesh and Burma in the east. It borders the states of Assam in the south and Nagaland in the east and southeast. Arunachal Pradesh falls in the outer Himalayas and  Patkoi  Ranges. It is endowed with wide topographical variations, vegetation and wild life. Rivers and streams originating in the higher Himalayas and Arakan Ranges flow down to form the tributaries of Brahmaputra as they flow across the state.

5. Title Symbol State tree Hollong   (   Dipterocarpus macrocarpus ) State animal Mithun (Bos frontalis) State bird Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) State fish Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora) State flower ( Rhynchostylis retusa State symbol of Arunachal Padesh

6. Climate Due to the topographical diversity, the climate in Arunachal Pradesh ranges from sub-tropical to temperate depending upon the altitude. The regions in the lower belts of the state experience hot and humid climates, with a maximum temperature in the foothills reaching up to 40 °C (during the summer). The average temperature in this region in winter ranges from 15° to 21 °C while that during the monsoon season remains between 22° and 30 °C. The areas around the middle belt of Arunachal Pradesh are relatively cooler. The middle belt in Arunachal Pradesh experiences micro thermal climate. Moreover, Arunachal Pradesh possesses an alpine climate in the higher altitudes of the state. The higher regions of Arunachal Pradesh witness snowfall during winter. The snowfall draws large number of tourists to the state from all across the world. Arunachal Pradesh experiences heavy rainfall during May to September. The average rainfall recorded in Arunachal Pradesh is 300 centimeters, varying between 80 centimeters and 450 centimeters.

7. Agriculture Arunachal Pradesh agriculture is the main protagonist of the people out there and among all, Jhum cultivation is the major occupation in the state's agricultural sector. Jhum cultivation means collective farming and it acquires central position in the agricultural sector of Arunachal Pradesh. The agriculture in Arunachal Pradesh mainly focuses on Jhuming . Jhum cultivation is the main occupation of the farmers in Arunachal Pradesh and it has been practiced since past few decades. Majority of people in Arunachal Pradesh are dependent on this field of agriculture for their livelihood. Jhuming involves cleaning a particular portion of jungle by cutting off the trees and burning them and then sowing seeds in those clear areas with the help of a poker. Jhuming cultivation is practiced in Arunachal Pradesh agriculture after a certain lapse of years and the process is popularly known as Jhum cycle. Men, women, and children of Arunachal Pradesh everyone participates in this field of agriculture and put forth a hard labor that continues for around 5-6 months. Jhuming is not only about cleaning the particular patch of forest but it revolves around a number of other agricultural activities as well. This agricultural activity of Arunachal Pradesh demands weeding for about 4 times at the least, observing the area and protecting the growing plants from wild animals and birds, and then finally cultivating a scanty amount of various crops. This farming of crops which demands such a huge amount of continuous labor do not really help the inhabitants much as the amount is very less to suffice the population. This makes Arunachal Pradesh a less active state in agriculture.

8. Some major crops of Arunachal Pradesh are paddy, millet, wheat, pulses, potatoes, sugarcane, oilseeds, and maize. The agriculture in Arunachal Pradesh also comprise of production of few endemic vegetables such as sweet potatoes, brinjal , ginger, chillies , pumpkin, cucumber, and local cow pea. Fruit cultivation is also practiced in the agricultural sector of Arunachal Pradesh. The fruits that are cultivated include pineapple, apple, oranges, lemon, lichi , papaya, banana, plum, guava, cherries, peach walnut, and almond. Rice is the chief food crop in Arunachal Pradesh. The rural belt of Arunachal Pradesh consists of 94 percent of the state's population form whom agriculture is the main occupation to earn their living. The agricultural department of Arunachal Pradesh has decided upon implementing a number of agricultural policies with an objective to increase the economic growth of the state and assuring more employment for the uneducated class of the rural areas through agricultural activities. Arunachal Pradesh experiences varied agro-climactic conditions and smooth topography which enables a great horticultural growth as well apart from food crops. Spices, aromatic and medical plants, flowers, and mushroom are highly cultivated in the horticultural sector of Arunachal Pradesh agriculture.

9. Famous food in Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh is one of the states of northeastern India and just like all the other North-Eastern states, its tradition and culture are one of the main focus of Indian tourism. Food forms an essential part of the culture of North East India, and is a traveller's urge to understand the unknown, the food of Arunachal Pradesh is a topic that draws a lot of attention! The first thing you should know about Arunachal Pradesh food is that it differs from tribe to tribe. As you move toward the eastern side of Arunachal people are dependent on bamboo and other leafy vegetables which are strictly boiled. Fried food is not very popular as people like to eat either boiled or smoked food. As you move toward the town of  Tawang  and places closer to the country of Tibet you'll notice that dairy products are more in use. The people closest to the city are more dependent on a normal day to day products.

10. Rice Rice is a staple food in Arunachal Pradesh food, and any other food is just a side dish. The most important and different thing about their rice is that in Arunachal, they prefer to cook their rice in the hollow bamboo over some hot coal to give it a different flavour than other types of rice. Bamboo shoot Bamboo shoot is widely eaten through all the North Eastern States because of its delicate flavour  and is a chief component of food in Arunachal Pradesh. The delicious bamboo shoots are used in the dishes of boiled vegetables, cooked meat, pickles and chutneys. Pika pila Pika pila is a famous type of a pickle that is mostly made by the  Apatani tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. It is a favourite  accompaniment of food in Arunachal Pradesh. Pika Pila is a type of a pickle that is made by using bamboo shoot and pork fat with a little addition of King Chilly. It is hot but not very spicy as to make you feel sick. Lukter Another delicacy of the Arunachal Pradesh Food is the Lukter . Nothing complicated, Lukter is a combination of cooked dry meat and chilly flakes from the King chilly or Bhut Jolokia . Like the norm goes with Arunachal, this too is just a side dish meant to be eaten with the rice.

11. Pehak Pehak is also a side dish delicacy of Arunachal Pradesh Food. Pehak is a type of spicy chutney that is made by the use of fermented soya bean and chilli . The chilly obviously being the King chilly is the main ingredient in this dish as that's what makes it hot and spicy. Apong It is just another name for rice beer and is one of the most important traditional drink of Arunachal, and forms an important part of cuisine in Arunachal Pradesh. This beer is home-made, free of any chemicals and is also light on the buds if you're a light drinker and want a little light beer instead of the usual strong commercialized one. Marua Just like the Apong , Marua is also home-made alcohol that is very famous in Arunachal Pradesh cuisine. The only difference is that this alcoholic beverage is made of millet instead of rice. A common drink that Arunachalis enjoy drinking on occasions. Chura Sabji Now I personally have not developed a taste for this dish yet but all the people I know absolutely love it. It is a kind of a curry made of fermented cheese made by either yak milk or cow's milk and not to forget most important the flakes and a few pieces of the King chilly which makes it spicy but delicious.

12. Cloths of Arunachal Pradesh The traditional dresses of the state of Arunachal Pradesh are vibrant and very colorful, owing to the fact that each of the 26 different tribes of the state has its distinctive style of dressing. The primary features are as follows: Monpas - The traditional women’s attire is a sleeveless chemise, along with a jacket. The women of the Sherdukpen tribe wear waist clothes known as  Mushaiks  and skull caps known as  Gurdams , which are made of Yak hair. Adi Tribe- Galae is worn by both the genders of this tribe and particularly men wear helmets carved out of deer and bear skins and canes. The unmarried women wear a unique jewelry known as  Beyop . The traditional dress of the tribal women is crinoline that resembles a blouse. Naga or Tangsa - The men usually wear green colored Lungis , with white, yellow or red sleeveless shirts. The women usually wear attractive linen blouse. Accessories- Accessories are very significant for the tribal women and are unique to each and every tribe. The most common accessories are earrings and silver rings. They are intricately designed with bamboo bits and are embellished with beads and turquoises. Weaving/Handlooms of Arunachal Pradesh Even in this modern contemporary period, the tribal people of Arunachal Pradesh still prefer indigenous organic products. This preference has led to a thriving weaving and handloom industry in Arunachal Pradesh. Even the handloom instruments used are pretty basic and simple. The raw materials used are goat hair, human hair, tree barks etc. This wide adaptation of ethnic wears and accessories, makes the state a unique ground for diverse indigenous weaving crafts. The design patterns and mechanisms are unique to the particular tribes and therefore there is the existence of numerous design elements in the tribal craft of the state. The colors preferred by the local craftsmen are dark blue, scarlet, yellow, emerald, black etc. Natural dyes, extracted from trees, barks, flowers and seeds, are extensively used. However, owing to the time factor, synthetic dyes are steadily replacing the natural dyes. Lungis , handbags, skirts and various other clothes are produced using these dyes. Nowadays, even cotton and other yarn varieties are being preferred instead of wool.

13. Festival Let us here learn about some of the most popular festivals celebrated in Arunachal Pradesh: 1) Siang River Festival 2) Pangsau Pass Winter Festival 3) Ziro Festival of Music 4) Solung 5) Nyokum 6) Losar Festival 7) Dree Festival 8) Boori Boot 9) Loku 10) Sanken Other Festivals in Arunachal Pradesh Along with these above-mentioned festivals, there are many other festivals that the people of Arunachal Pradesh celebrate throughout the year. These festivals also revolve around the successful harvest seasons, religious beliefs and socio-cultural norms. Khan, Gomkum Gompa , Si Donyi , Mopin , Aran , Tamaldu , Shapawng Yawng Manau Poi, Reh , Oriah and Mol are other festivals celebrated in Arunachal with equal zeal and enthusiasm.

14. Let us look some above mentioned festival in detail :- The Yomgo River Festival (Siang River Festival) is held to celebrate the communal harmony in Arunachal Pradesh. Earlier this festival was celebrated in the form of Brahmaputra Darshan Festival in  Tezu  and  Pasighat  but since the year 2005, the festival is celebrated as Siang River Festival in places like Tuting , Yingkiong and Pasighat . It is one of the most popular festivals in Arunachal Pradesh and is an attempt to promote eco-tourism and offer a lot of adventure fun activities like elephant race, traditional boat race, Didi – the mock war game of Mishmis , River rafting, Food Festivals, Folk dances, Cultural Shows, Hot air balloon & Paragliding and Exhibition of local model house. Apart from this, an exhibition of handloom and handicrafts by the different districts is also held. This festival is Arunachal’s own version of the Sunburn Festival. Ziro Festival of Music is the biggest outdoor music festival in the state and is the most happening event in Arunachal Pradesh as well. Music lovers from all over the state and the North East region gather at  Ziro , where this festival takes place. It is a four-day festival where the music lovers enjoy the performances of international and domestic music artists. Folk acts from all across the North East are also organized; therefore, it is a good opportunity to learn about the different cultures here. People make merry and spend four unforgettable days at the Ziro Festival of Music.

15. Wildlife Sanctuary,National park and Biosphere reseves

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