Asexual reproduction in animals

Asexual reproduction in animals

1. Asexual Reproduction in Animals By: Gillian Araya

2. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which the new offspring arise from a single parent. The offsprings are identical to each other, both physically as well as genetically. They are the exact copies of their parent cell .

3. FISSION Fission means division. During asexual reproduction, the parent cell divides into two or more cells. Unicellular organisms show different patterns of cell division according to their cell structure .  

4. BUDDING It is a type of  asexual reproduction  in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.

5. FRAGMENTATION Fragmentation is another mode of asexual reproduction The parent body divides into two or more fragments. Later, each fragment develops into a new individual. Multi-cellular organisms like planaria , spirogyra, etc. reproduce by fragmentation.

6. PARTHENOGENESIS is a type of  asexual reproduction  in which a female gamete or egg cell develops into an individual without fertilization. Animals including most kinds of wasps, bees, and ants that have no sex chromosomes  reproduce  by this process.

7. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION It is a form of reproduction where two gametes fuse together.  Specifically one male and one female

8. 3 FUNDAMENTAL STEPS Gametogenesis : production of gametes Spawning or Mating : bringing gametes together Fertilization : fusion of gametes

9. SEQUENTIAL HERMAPHRODITISM Occurs when individuals can change their sex in response to social or environmental pressures Usually occurs in many fishes , gastropods, and plants.

10. Genicanthus S emifasciatus

11. GONADS an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary.

12. TYPES OF FERTILIZATION

13. INFORMAL FERTILIZATION Particularly happens in aquatic animals, sexual reproduction occurs outside of the body.

14. EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION occurs mostly in  wet environment  and requires both the male and the female to release or broadcast their gametes into their surroundings (usually water).

15. INTERNAL FERTILIZATION is the union of an  egg cell  with a sperm   during sexual reproduction  inside the body of a parent. For this to happen there needs to be a method for the male to introduce the sperm into the female's reproductive tract. 

16. OVIPAROUS ANIMALS A nimals  that reproduce by laying eggs. This is how most fish, amphibians, reptiles, insects, and arachnids reproduce.

17. VIVIPAROUS ANIMALS The young develops inside the mother’s body until they are mature enough to be born and live independently

18. LESSON 7.3 Producing Genetically Modified Organisms

19. Organisms produce offspring, which resemble their parents due to transmission of their genetic makeup. The genetic material present in sex cellls is used as a carrier of genetic information passed in from parent to offspring through a genetic material called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) DNA carries the instructions for assembling a variety of proteins responsible for forming a variety of structures

20. DNA Every human body cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes Chromosomes ontains many genes joined together, which could be attached on a string. Each cell in a human body contains about 35000 genes Gene is a distinct portion of the DNA responsible for inherited trait.

21. Genotype- genetic material found inside the nucleus Phen otype- observable traits The central dogma of molecular biology describes the two-step process, transcription and translation, by which the information in genes flows into proteins: DNA → RNA → protein .