Asian Regionalism (Video Presentation) group1.pptx

This is all about a history in asia with the first to third world countries.

1. Unit IV A World of Regions GROUP 1

2. West and East in 1494 This is when the newly discovered lands outside Europe were divided into two – the West belonging to the Crown of Castile (now part of Spain) and the East belonging to the Portuguese Empire.

3. Cold War

4. World Division during the Cold War The Cold War between US and USSR created the division between the Capitalist /Democratic states and the Communist states.

5. First World and Second World The capitalist economists were considered First World and communist economists were referred to as Second World.

6. Global North & Global South The First World encompassed all industrialized, democratic countries which were assumed to be allied with the United States in its struggle against the Soviet Union. Finland and Switzerland maintained strict neutrality.

7. Global North & Global South The Second World was anchored on the industrialized, communist realm of the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites, yet it often included poor communist states located elsewhere.

8. Third World This refers to countries that did not belong to either types of formal economies.

9. Global North & Global South The Third World was defined as the non-aligned world and as the global realm of poverty and under-developed.

10. North and South Divide After the cold war, many see primary global division as being between North and South.

11. Global North & Global South The Global North Refers to developed societies of Europe and North America , which are characterized by established wealth, technological advancement, political stability, zero population growth and dominance of World trade and politics.

12. Global North & Global South The Global South Refers to the developing countries which represents mainly agrarian economies in Africa, India, Latin America and others that are not as economically sound and politically stable Tend to be characterized by war, conflict, poverty and tyranny

13. Global North vs. Global South Global North are considered as the high income countries such as Norway, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, US, Belgium, Iceland, Japan, Sweden, Netherlands and most of Western Europe Global South are countries that are less developed and characterized by low level of economic development, large inequalities in living standards and low life expectancy such as Africa. Latin America and developing Asia including the Middle East

14. Global North vs. Global South First World and Second World Home to all the members of the G8 and P5 members of the United Nations Security Council Richer and developed region 95% has enough food and shelter Economy: industries and major businesses, commerce and finance. Third World Poor and less developed region 5% has enough food and shelter Source of raw materials of the north

15. G8 COUNTRIES P5 COUNTRIES

16. The North Controls 4/5 of the income earned anywhere in the world 90% of the manufacturing industries are owned by and located in the North The South Has access to 1/5 of the World’s income As the nations become economically developed, they may become part of the ‘North’ regardless of geographical location Any nations that do not qualify for ‘developed’ status are in effect deemed to be part of the ‘South’

17. Global divides are not purely of a geographical division but rather focused on socio-economic and political affiliations and status Global North & Global South

18. How the ‘Third World’ became the Global South: The Origins of the Third World The world was largely divided into several empires in the 19 th century. Each empire possessed a ‘civilized’ central that were more or less primitive or even ‘barbaric’ Third World was coined in 1952 by Alfred Sauvy , a French demographer, anthropologist and economic historian who compared it with the Third Estate , a concept that emerged in the context of the French Revolution. First Estate refers to the clergy and the monarch Second Estate refers to the nobility Third Estate refers to the balance of French population as the contrasted the poor countries to the First World and the Second World

19. How the ‘Third World’ became the Global South: The Origins of the Third World Most people in the Third World lived far from the global sources of economic, political and military power. Most were subjugated, most illiterate, even then, they formed a majority of the world population. But such awareness was growing among leaders within these poor countries, many of whom had been educated. This awareness and exposure to Western culture raised hopes and inspired many Third World leaders to try to improve colonial living conditions and win political independence. Opposition to domination by the First World (colonization) also grew through increasing migration and travel, including that stimulated by the two World Wars. Many troops who had participated in these wars were from what soon to be called the Third World.

20. Global North Low Poverty Low Child Mortality High Economic and Educational Development Advance Technological Advancement Stable Governments Low Fertility Rates Low Gender Related Illiteracy

21. Global South High poverty High Child Mortality Low Economic and Educational Development Low self consumption of natural resources Vulnerable to exploitation by large corporations and industrial nations Less technological advancement Economy are dependent on developed countries Unstable Governments High Fertility Rates High Gender Related Illiteracy

22. Asian Regionalism Contemporary World

23. What is Regionalism? A political ideology that favors a specific region over a greater area It usually results due to political separations, religion, geography, cultural boundaries, linguistic regions and managerial divisions

24. Regionalization vs Globalization Regionalization A process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions Globalization A process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together

25. Regionalism Is the theory or practice of regional rather than central systems of administration of economic cultural or political affiliation Regionalization The division of a nation into states or provinces

26. Why countries form regional organization? They form regional organization as a way of coping with the challenges of globalization

27. Asian Regionalism A product of economic interaction between Asian countries

28. Asian Regionalism Asian economies have grown not only richer, but also closer together. New technological trends have further strengthened ties among them, as have the rise of the China and India and the region’s growing weight in the global economy. The 1997/1998 financial crisis dealt a severe setback too much of the region, highlighting Asia’s shared interests and common vulnerabilities and providing an impetus for regional cooperation.

29. Asian Regionalism In the early stages of Asia’s economic takeoff, regional integration proceeded slowly. East Asian economies focused on exporting to developed country markets. The Japanese economist Akamatsu (1962) famously compared this pattern development to flying geese. In this model, economies moved in formation not because they were directly linked to each other, but because they followed similar paths.

30. Asian Regionalism Now, Asian economies are becoming closely intertwined. Interdependence is deepening because Asia’s economies have grown large and prosperous enough to become important to each other, and because their patterns of production increasingly depend on networks that span several Asian economies and involve wide ranging exchanges of parts and components among them.

31. Regionalization vs Globalization As to nature , globalization promotes the integration of economics across state borders all around the world but regionalization is precisely the opposite because it is dividing an area into smaller segments As to market , globalization allows many companies to trade on international level so it allows free market but in regionalized system, monopolies are likely to develop

32. Regionalization vs Globalization As to cultural and societal relations , globalization accelerate to multiculturalism by free and inexpensive movement of people but , regionalization does not support this As to aid , globalized international community is also more willing to come to the aid of country stricken by a natural disaster but, a regionalized system does not get involved in the affairs of other areas As to technological advances , globalization has driven great advances in technology but advanced technology is rarely available in one country or region.

33. Factors Leading to the Greater Integration of the Asian Regions Regional integration is a process in which neighboring states enter into an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules The objectives of the agreement could range from economic to political to environmental, although it has typically taken the form of a political economy initiative Regional integration has been organized either via supranational institutional structures of through intergovernmental decision-making, or a combination of both

34. Factors Leading to the Greater Integration of the Asian Regions Regional integration have often focused on removing barriers to free trade in the region, increasing the free movement of people, labor, goods, and capital across national borders, reducing the possibility of regional armed conflict and adopting cohesive regional stances on policy issues, such as the environment, climate change and migration.

35. Factors Leading to the Greater Integration of the Asian Regions Intra-regional trade refers to trade which focuses on economic exchange primarily between countries of the same region or economic zone In recent years, countries within economic trade regimes such as ASEAN in Southeast Asia for example have increased the level of trade and commodity exchange between themselves which reduces the inflation and tariff barriers associated with foreign markets resulting in growing prosperity.

36. Thank you for listening!