ASLO-Test--Anti-Streptolysin-O-Test.pptx

ASLO diagnostic test

1. ASLO Test: Anti-Streptolysin O Test Diagnostic test for post-streptococcal infections

2. ASLO Test: Anti-Streptolysin O Test Diagnostic test for post-streptococcal infections Measures antibodies against Streptolysin O Important in rheumatic fever diagnosis Monitors streptococcal infection sequelae

3. Basic Principles Definition: Detects antibodies against Streptolysin O Streptolysin O = hemolytic toxin Produced by Group A β-hemolytic Streptococci Quantitative measurement Clinical Applications: Post-streptococcal infection monitoring Rheumatic fever diagnosis Glomerulonephritis assessment Treatment response evaluation

4. Test Components and Requirements Materials Needed: Patient serum Streptolysin O reagent Buffer solution Calibrators Controls Micropipettes Test tubes/microplates Storage Requirements: Refrigerated reagents (2-8°C) Room temperature testing Protected from light Proper calibration materials

5. Sample Collection and Processing Collection Methods: 3-5 mL venous blood Red-top or gel separator tube Proper patient identification Appropriate timing Processing: Allow complete clotting Centrifuge at 3000 rpm Separate serum within 2 hours Store at 2-8°C if delayed

6. Test Methodology Qualitative Method: Screening test Single dilution Rapid results Basic interpretation Quantitative Method: Serial dilutions Endpoint determination Titer reporting More precise results

7. Normal Values and Interpretation Age-specific Ranges: Adults: <200 IU/mL Children: <150 IU/mL Infants: <100 IU/mL Result Interpretation: Negative: Below cutoff Positive: Above cutoff Borderline: Near cutoff Serial testing importance

8. Clinical Significance Elevated Titers: Recent streptococcal infection Rheumatic fever Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Scarlet fever Monitoring: Disease progression Treatment response Complications Recovery phase

9. Test Variables Pre-analytical Variables: Patient age Recent infection Antibiotic therapy Sample handling Analytical Variables: Reagent quality Temperature Timing Technique

10. Quality Control Measures Internal Controls: Positive control serum Negative control serum Calibration curve Daily QC checks External Quality Assurance: Proficiency testing Inter-laboratory comparison Documentation Standard procedures

11. Result Reporting Essential Elements: Patient identification Test date Numerical result Reference ranges Interpretation Previous results Critical values Comments if needed

12. Clinical Applications Primary Uses: Streptococcal infection confirmation Rheumatic fever diagnosis Glomerulonephritis assessment Treatment monitoring Secondary Uses: Epidemiological studies Research purposes Screening programs Follow-up care

13. Limitations and Interferences Test Limitations: Not specific for current infection Delayed rise in antibodies Variable individual response Age-related variations Interfering Factors: Lipemia Hemolysis Bilirubin Certain medications

14. Troubleshooting Common Problems: Inconsistent results Control failures Invalid calibration Technical errors Solutions: Repeat testing Fresh reagents Recalibration Technical review

15. Safety Considerations Laboratory Safety: Personal protective equipment Biological hazard handling Waste disposal Spill management Sample Handling: Universal precautions Proper labeling Safe transport Storage protocols

16. Documentation Requirements Test Records: Patient demographics Collection time Processing details Results and interpretation Quality Records: Control results Calibration data Maintenance logs Staff competency

17. Modern Developments Automated Methods: Nephelometry Turbidimetry ELISA techniques Latex agglutination Future Directions: Point-of-care testing Digital result reporting Enhanced sensitivity Rapid techniques

18. Differential Diagnosis Related Tests: Anti-DNase B CRP ESR Throat culture Result Correlation: Clinical symptoms Other lab findings Patient history Treatment response

19. Special Considerations Pediatric Testing: Age-specific ranges Collection challenges Interpretation differences Follow-up requirements Monitoring Requirements: Frequency of testing Duration of monitoring Result trending Clinical correlation

20. Training Requirements Technical Skills: Sample processing Test performance Result interpretation Quality control Knowledge Base: Test principles Clinical significance Troubleshooting Safety procedures

21. Best Practices and Guidelines Standard Procedures: Follow manufacturer guidelines Maintain quality control Proper documentation Regular maintenance Recommendations: Regular staff training Updated procedures Quality assurance Result verification