Assignment

Assignment

1. INTRODUCTION


An international organization is not a super –state with authority over its
members. It is a creation of the states. It comes into being when the states agree
to its creation once formed, it can help the member states solve their problems
peacefully. At the same time it is foolish to think that international organization
is the effective medicine for all the problems of the world. Definitely, it cannot
find solutions for all problems. The statement made by Dag Hammarskjold is
very relevant in this context; “U.N was not created to take humanity to heaven,
but to save it from hell”. The united €nations €organization is the largest
international organization of the world. It is also recognized as the most
important international organization of the contemporary world. U.N was
established in 1945 immediately after the Second World War. However, it was
really evolved from League of Nations. So Uno is considered as the successor
of the League of Nations.

EXPLANATION
The attempts to establish the United Nations organization was an integral part of
peace conferences which were held during and after the Second World War.
The important steps towards the formation of U.N.O are Atlantic Charter,
Washington Conference, Moscow conference, Dumbarton Oaks conference and
Yalta Conference.
Formation of U.N-At a glance
1941 August 14 Atlantic Charter  Signed by U.S president Franklin
Roosevelt and British Prime
Minister Winston Churchill.
Pointed out the necessity of a
world organization to prevent war.
1942 January Washington conference  Participated by 26 allied countries
which were fighting against the
Axis powers.

2.  Supported the Atlantic charter
 Signed the “UN’ declaration’
 The term united nations was first
used
 The term was proposed by
Roosevelt.
1943 October Moscow Conference  Participated by the foreign
ministers of America, Britain,
soviet Union and China
 The decision to from the UNO was
formally taken
1943 December Tehran conference  Participated by the heads of
America , Britain, soviet union and
china
 The decision to form the
organization was reinstated by
another declaration.

1945 February Yalta conference  Participated by Roosevelt,
Churchill and Stalin
 Decided to convene the foundation
meeting of the U.N in San
Francisco
1945 April –May san Francisco
conference
 260 representatives from 51 states
participated
 The final charter of the U.N was
prepared
 On 26 June 50 nations signed the
U.N charter. Poland signed on
October 15 and the number was
raised to 51.
1945 October 24  U.N came into existence
 October 24 is celebrated as the
U.N day
1945 October 30  India joined U.N
 The founding conference of UN was held in San Francis between 25
April and 26 June 1945. After two months of discussions. The San
Francisco conference drafted the final charter of the U.N.
 The charter of the UN was signed by 51 nations. The U.N officially came
into being on 24 October 1945.

3. The U.N tried to achieve what the League could not. The basic aim of the
UN is to prevent international conflicts and to promote cooperation among
the nations. It was founded with the hope









That it would resolve the conflicts between the countries escalating into war and
limit the extent of hostilities if war broke out.
Conflicts often arise from lack of social and economic development. Therefore,
UN was intended to bring countries together to improve the prospects of social
and economic development.
 Now there are 193 member states in the UN. South Sudan is the 193
rd

country to join the United Nations. Almost all independent countries are
its members.
 The UN has six principal organs: General Assembly, Security Council,
economic and social council, trusteeship council, international court of
justice and secretariat.
 The general assembly is the biggest organ of the UN all members of the
UN are members of the general assembly. All members have one vote
each.
 The Security Council is the executive organ of the U.N it consists of 15
members. Five of them are permanent members and ten are non
permanent members. America, Britain, France, Russia and china are the
permanent members. They enjoy veto power. Non-permanent members
are elected for a term of two years.
United Nations
Organization















Security Council

Economic and Social
Council
General Assembly
Trusteeship Council Secretariat
International Court Of
Justice

4.  The Economic and Social council is the organ which coordinates all the
functions of the UN it is also known as ECOSOC
 Trusteeship council is formed to supervise the administration of
territories which has no self government. This organ has no relevance
today because al trust territories have become independent states.
 International court of justice is the judicial organ of the UN it consists of
15 judges.
 The secretariat carries out the day –to-day and the administrative work of
the UN it is headed by the Secretary General.
Specialized agencies
International Labour Organization-
ILO headquarters –Geneva
ILO is the first specialized agency of
the UN its objective is to improve
the conditions of the workers.
Food And Agricultural organization
–FAO headquarters –Paris
To increases the production of
agricultural products and food
products and to make effective
distribution
United Nations educational
Scientific and Cultural
Organization-UNESCO
headquarters –Paris
It functions for the development of
the education sector. It also tries to
promote international understanding
through international cooperation in
education, science and culture.
World health organization –WHO
headquarters-Geneva
Its aim is to better world health and
to control the epidemics. It provides
assistance to the backward countries
to eradicate epidemic like cholera.
United Nations Children’s Fund-
UNICEF headquarters-New York
Functions for the welfare of
children. It functions to improve the
health , social welfare, diet and
mental health of the children in the
back ward countries.
United nations relief and works
agency UNRWa
It is for removing the hardships of
the Palestine refugees and to give
them employment.
International atomic Energy Agency
IAEA headquarters-Vienna
It is formed for promoting peaceful
use of atomic energy and to dissuade
it use for military purpose
International monetary Fund.IMF
headquarters –Washington
The objective of IMF is international
cooperative trade and development.
It gives short term loans to member

5. states.
International Bank for
reconstruction and development-
IBRD-world Bank headquarters-
Washington
It gives loans to members for
reconstruction and development.
General agreement on tariff and
trade –GATT headquarters-Geneva
It is formed for smoothing
international trade. In 1995, GATT
was replaced by world trade
organization (WTO).
United nations conference on trade
and development -UNCTAD
headquters-Geneva
Its aim is to improve the economic
development of the third world
countries.

6. Conclusion
The United Nations organization is the largest international organization of the
world. UNO is considered as the successor of the League of Nations. This
Second World War is most distractive war in history of mankind. Millions of
people were killed or wounded. Consequently the demand for the formation of a
more effective world organization to ensure lasting is become widespread. The
basic aim of the UN is to prevent international conflux and to permote
cooperation among the nations.