Associations & Institutions.ppt..........

subject sociology.... topic: associations and institutions

1. ASSOCIATIONS ASSOCIATIONS
&&
INSTITUTIONS INSTITUTIONS

2. •Definitions of AssociationDefinitions of Association
•Requirements of AssociationRequirements of Association
•Characteristics of AssociationCharacteristics of Association
•Difference b/n Association and CommunityDifference b/n Association and Community
•Difference b/n Association and SocietyDifference b/n Association and Society
•Definitions of InstitutionDefinitions of Institution
•Characteristics of InstitutionsCharacteristics of Institutions
•Types of InstitutionsTypes of Institutions
•Functions of InstitutionsFunctions of Institutions
•Difference b/n Institution and AssociationDifference b/n Institution and Association

3. •An association is an organization that is
deliberately formed for the collective pursuit
of some interest or set of interests, which
the members of it share. Maclver
•An association is a group of social beings
related to one another by the fact that they
possess or have instituted in common an
organization with a view to securing specific
end or specific ends. Ginsberg
ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION

4. ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION
To constitute an association there must beTo constitute an association there must be::
•A group of peopleA group of people
•The people must be organizedThe people must be organized
•There must be certain rules for the conduct in There must be certain rules for the conduct in
the groupthe group
•There must be a common purpose like church, There must be a common purpose like church,
trade union, music club etc.trade union, music club etc.

5. ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION
Association can be formed on the following basisAssociation can be formed on the following basis::
•On basis of On basis of durationduration: :
•Temporary like Flood Relief Association or permanent like Temporary like Flood Relief Association or permanent like
state.state.
•On basis of On basis of powerpower: :
•Sovereign like a state, semi-sovereign like university and Sovereign like a state, semi-sovereign like university and
non-sovereign like a club.non-sovereign like a club.

6. ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION
•On basis of On basis of functionfunction associations can be: associations can be:
•Biological like familyBiological like family
•Vocational like trade unions or Teacher’s Vocational like trade unions or Teacher’s
AssociationAssociation
•Recreational like Club or Music ClubRecreational like Club or Music Club
•Philanthropic like charitable societiesPhilanthropic like charitable societies

7. 1.Concrete form of Organization
2.Lack of spontaneous growth
3.Specific aim and objectives
4.Follows specific rules and regulations
5.Membership is voluntary
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF
ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION

8. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ASSOCIATION AND COMMUNITYASSOCIATION AND COMMUNITY
•An association An association does not grow does not grow
spontaneouslyspontaneously. It has . It has no natural no natural
growthgrowth as it does not grow itself. as it does not grow itself.
•An association is An association is an organization an organization
of social life. of social life. It is regarded as It is regarded as
partial because it is formed for partial because it is formed for
the pursuit of specific interests the pursuit of specific interests
or aims. or aims.
•Community is a Community is a form of group form of group
that arises spontaneously or that arises spontaneously or
naturally.naturally.
•Community is regarded as Community is regarded as
integral or wholeintegral or whole because it because it
fulfills all the needs of its fulfills all the needs of its
members.members.
Association Association Community Community

9. •An association An association exists within exists within
the communitythe community. There are a . There are a
number of associations within number of associations within
a community.a community.
•Membership of an association Membership of an association
is is voluntaryvoluntary. The members can . The members can
withdraw their membership withdraw their membership
when they loose interest in it.when they loose interest in it.
•The The sentiments are not a basic sentiments are not a basic
factorfactor to form an association. to form an association.
•Community is a Community is a part of society.part of society.
•Community membership is Community membership is
compulsory,compulsory, has a wider has a wider
significance. People are born into significance. People are born into
a community but they can choose a community but they can choose
their associations.their associations.
•Community sentimentCommunity sentiment is is
necessary for existence of necessary for existence of
community. The community community. The community
cannot exist without the sense of cannot exist without the sense of
we-feeling.we-feeling.
Association Association Community Community

10. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ASSOCIATION AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ASSOCIATION AND
SOCIETYSOCIETY
SocietySociety
•Society is a Society is a system of social system of social
relationshipsrelationships which are which are
invisible and intangible.invisible and intangible.
•Society is the Society is the result of natural result of natural
evolutionevolution..
•Society is older than the Society is older than the
associationassociation. It is in existence . It is in existence
since man appeared on the since man appeared on the
earth.earth.
AssociationAssociation
•Association is a group of people that Association is a group of people that
are are deliberately and artificially deliberately and artificially
createdcreated..
•Associations are formed by people Associations are formed by people
to to fulfill the specific aims and fulfill the specific aims and
objectivesobjectives..
•Association arose at a later stage, Association arose at a later stage,
when person learns to organize when person learns to organize
itself for the pursuit of some itself for the pursuit of some
particular purpose.particular purpose.

11. •Person Person cannot live cannot live without without
society. Society will exist as society. Society will exist as
long as person exists.long as person exists.
•The membership of society is The membership of society is
compulsorycompulsory..
•The aim of society is The aim of society is generalgeneral as as
it came into existence for the it came into existence for the
general well-being of the general well-being of the
individuals.individuals.
•Society is characterized by Society is characterized by both both
co-operation and conflictco-operation and conflict. It . It
may be may be organized or organized or
unorganizedunorganized..
•Person may Person may live without live without being being
a member of any association at a member of any association at
all. Association may be only all. Association may be only
transitorytransitory..
•The membership of the The membership of the
association is association is voluntaryvoluntary..
•The aim of the association is The aim of the association is
particularparticular as it is formed for the as it is formed for the
pursuit of some particular pursuit of some particular
interests.interests.
•Association is based on Association is based on co-co-
operationoperation and it must be and it must be
organizedorganized..
SocietySociety AssociationAssociation

12. INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS
•An institution is a set of formal, regular and An institution is a set of formal, regular and
established procedures, characteristic of a established procedures, characteristic of a
group or number of groups that perform a similar group or number of groups that perform a similar
function within a society. In short, an institution function within a society. In short, an institution
is an organized way of doing something.is an organized way of doing something.
- Maclver- Maclver

13. INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS
A social institution is a functional configuration
of cultural patterns (including actions, ideas,
attitudes, and cultural equipment) that posses
certain permanence and are intended to satisfy
felt social needs.
- Chapin

14. INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS
A social institution is the social structure and machinery
through which human society organizes, directs and
executes the multifarious activities required to satisfy
human needs. In simple language, social institutions are
the established ways through which the social
interactions among the individuals are structured,
regulated and controlled to satisfy human needs.
- Barnes

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF
INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS

16. TYPES OF TYPES OF
INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS
Based on value system of Community
•The basic InstitutionsThe basic Institutions: These are regarded as
necessary for maintenance of social order in society.
Example: Family, Educational and Political institutions
•The Subsidiary InstitutionsThe Subsidiary Institutions: These institutions are
not regarded as much necessary for social order
maintenance.
Example: Recreational activities and Clubs.

17. Based on Community approvalBased on Community approval
•Sanctioned Institutions: Sanctioned Institutions: These are generally accepted by These are generally accepted by
the public. These institutions have sanctions for every the public. These institutions have sanctions for every
person who violates the rules of the institution. Some person who violates the rules of the institution. Some
institutions that can be categorized into this type are schools institutions that can be categorized into this type are schools
and religion.and religion.
•Unsanctioned Institutions:Unsanctioned Institutions: These are rejected and These are rejected and
undesirable by society, even through they are not able to undesirable by society, even through they are not able to
eradicate completely. eradicate completely.
For example: Groups of extortionists. For example: Groups of extortionists.
TYPES OF INSTITUTIONSTYPES OF INSTITUTIONS

18. •Based on recognitionBased on recognition
•General InstitutionsGeneral Institutions: These institutions are known : These institutions are known
and recognized by almost all the people of the and recognized by almost all the people of the
world. Example: religion and human rights.world. Example: religion and human rights.
•Restricted InstitutionRestricted Institutions: These institutions are s: These institutions are
known only to certain communities.known only to certain communities.
TYPES OF TYPES OF
INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS

19. •Based on FunctionsBased on Functions
•Operative InstitutionsOperative Institutions: Institutions that function to : Institutions that function to
collect patterns or ways that are required to achieve collect patterns or ways that are required to achieve
certain goals. certain goals.
Example: Agriculture Institutions, trade institutions, Example: Agriculture Institutions, trade institutions,
fisheries agencies and others.fisheries agencies and others.
•Regulative InstitutionsRegulative Institutions: Institutions that serve to oversee : Institutions that serve to oversee
the behaviour in society. the behaviour in society.
Example: Police, Prosecutors and Courts.Example: Police, Prosecutors and Courts.
TYPES OF TYPES OF
INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS

20. TYPES OF INSTITUTIONSTYPES OF INSTITUTIONS
E.W. Burgess has classified social institution into
four types:

21. FUNCTIONS OF INSTITUTIONSFUNCTIONS OF INSTITUTIONS
Serve base for human developmentServe base for human development : By
reproduction via Family, economic, educational,
political and religious institutions.
SocializationSocialization:: From birth till end of life
Special purposeSpecial purpose: : Hospitals, religious and social
institutions.

22. FUNCTIONS OF INSTITUTIONSFUNCTIONS OF INSTITUTIONS
Maintenance of Social Order:Maintenance of Social Order: By maintaining control
and order for stable society with help of cooperation
and association of other institutions.
Transmission of culture:Transmission of culture: From one generation to
next generation via social institutions.
Personality Development:Personality Development: By various social
institutions

23. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INSTITUTION AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INSTITUTION AND
ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION
Institution Institution
•Institutions represents a social Institutions represents a social
condition & behaviour.condition & behaviour.
•Constituted by laws, rules and Constituted by laws, rules and
regulationsregulations
•Abstract in natureAbstract in nature
•Grow naturally and are Grow naturally and are
primarily evolved.primarily evolved.
•More permanent.More permanent.
•Institution denotes modes or Institution denotes modes or
ways of service. They give life ways of service. They give life
and activity to association.and activity to association.
AssociationAssociation
•Association represents the human Association represents the human
aspectaspect
•Comprised of human beingsComprised of human beings
•ConcreteConcrete
•Formed out of necessityFormed out of necessity
•Not as permanent as institutionsNot as permanent as institutions
•Association denotes membershipAssociation denotes membership

24. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INSTITUTION AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INSTITUTION AND
ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION
Institution Institution
•Doesn’t possess a particular Doesn’t possess a particular
name but based on a symbolname but based on a symbol
•Have rules and proceduresHave rules and procedures
•Fulfill primary and basic needs Fulfill primary and basic needs
•Rules are based on informal Rules are based on informal
means of social control like means of social control like
customs, traditions etc.customs, traditions etc.
•Example: Education, Religion Example: Education, Religion
and Family.and Family.
AssociationAssociation
•Possesses a distinctive namePossesses a distinctive name
•Represents human aspectsRepresents human aspects
•Organized groupOrganized group
•Has specific purposesHas specific purposes
•Laws of associations are based on Laws of associations are based on
formal means of control formal means of control
•Example: College, Churches, Example: College, Churches,
Night Clubs etc.Night Clubs etc.

25. Thank YouThank You