Asthi Sharir

BAMS-RACHANA SHARIR, Osteology in Ayurveda

1. Dr Gaurav Soni
MD (AYU)

2. INTRODUCTION
•TheclassicalwayofunderstandingAsthiisabit
differentfromthepresentcontemporary
sciences.
•Asthican’tbemerelycorrelatedwithBones…asis
donehabitually.
•ConceptofAyurveda,explainsasthiinmore
profoundmeaningsandcoveringalargernumber
ofstructures.
•Duetodifferenceintheprincipleandthoughtof
whattobecalledAsthi;therearecertainother
differencesalsooccurredspeciallyin
enumeration.
Dr Gaurav Soni 2

3. INTRODUCTION
•Itisahardsubstancewhichremainslefteven
aftermostpartofbodyhasbeendecayed.
अस्यते इतत अस्स्थ| नऩु.
( अस्यते –अस् धातु में कक्थन प्रत्यय ऱगकर अस्स्थ शब्द बन है )|
तस्मास्चिरविनष्टेषु त्िङमाांसेषु शरीररणाम् |
अस्थीतन न विनश्यस्तत साराण्येतातन देहहनाम्
tasmācciravinaṣṭēṣutvaṅmāṁsēṣuśarīriṇām|
asthīninavinaśyantisārāṇyētānidēhinām
(Su.Sh.5/22)
3Dr Gaurav Soni

4. DEFINITIONS
•AccordingtoSusrutaitissubstancewhich
remainsevenafterelseverypartlikeflesh,
musclesetc.areshatteredevenafterburyingthe
bodyafterdeath.Itremainsaslastidentityof
personevenafterdemise.
•AccordingtoShabdastomkara-itispartofbody
whichremainstilllongperiodevenafterdeathof
body.“Hada”issynonymofAsthi.
•Accordingto“Halayushkosa”,itissubstanceof
bodywhichremainstilllastandisinwholebody.
मासाभ्यततरस्थे हाड इतत|
अस्यते, क्षऺप्यते यत् अस्स्थ | (हऱायुध् कोष)
Dr Gaurav Soni 4

5. Continue…
•AsthiishardandstableDhatuwhichgives
supporttoMamsa,PeshiandSnayu.
स्स्थरकहिनअबऱम्बन धातु: शरीरस्य यत्र
प्रततिधयतते माांस ऩश्येयतता स्नायिश्ि ||
pratyaksasariram
by gananathsenpart1 chapter 3 page 14||
Dr Gaurav Soni 5

6. SYNONYMS
•FollowingsynonymsareusedforAsthi
Keekasa=hard,firm.
Kulyam=abone.
Kapala=theskull,cranium,skullbone.
Astri=notfeminine,masculine.
Medojam=whichisproducedfrommeda.
Dr Gaurav Soni 6

7. ASTHI DHATU
•Dhatusarethetissue-humoralsystemsofthe
body.
•Theyarealwaysformedinafixedsequence.
•Indifferentpermutationsandcombinationsthe
Dhatusformvariousphysicalorgansofthebody
accordingtothegeneticallycodedinformation’s.
•ItisoneamongtheSaptaDhatuswhichare
presentintheSharira.
•FormofDhatuwhichispresentinsidethe
MamsaDhatuisknownasAsthi.
Dr Gaurav Soni 7

8. PANCHABHAUTIKA CONSTITUTION
•ThougheverysubstanceismadeofallfiveMahabhutas
(Akasha,Vayu,Agni,JalaandPrithivi),butAsthihas
predominanceofPrithiviandVayuMahabhuta.
•AswehaveseenthatAsthihaspredominanceofPrithvi
andVayuMahabhuta,AsthiDhatuthuscomprises
qualitiesofthesetwodominantly.
•AsperqualitiesofPrithviMahabhuta,Asthiis
strongandheavyandasperqualitiesofVayu
Mahabhuta,Asthiisdryandrough.
•Thus,boththeseMahabhutagivecharacteristic
qualitieslikestrongness,roughness,drynessand
hardness.
Dr Gaurav Soni 8

9. ASTHI KARMA
•The Asthi Karmas are as follows
•DehaDharana.
•Majja Pushti.
•Asthi supports the Mamsa, Siraand
Snayu
Dr Gaurav Soni 9

10. ASTHI MALA
•During the formation of any Dhatuit will
produce their own Mala. Similarly Asthialso
has Mala, as per different texts-
Dr Gaurav Soni 10

11. ASTHI SANKHYA
Dr Gaurav Soni 11
S.no Text books Numbers
1. Charaka Samhita 360
2. Sushruta Samhita 300
3. Astanga Hrudaya 360
4. Astanga Sangraha 360
5. Bhavaprakasha 300
6. Kashyapa Samhita 360
7. BhelaSamhita 360

12. DISTRIBUTION
ThedistributionsofAsthiintheShadangaof
Sharira(Regional)areasfollows:
•AccordingtoSushrutaSamhita.
•Shaakha:120
•Shroni,Parshva,Prushtha,Uras:117
•Greevordhva:63
•AccordingtoAshtangaSangraha.
•Shaakha:140
•MadhyaSharira:120
•UrdhvaSharira:100
Dr Gaurav Soni 12

13. ASTHI BHEDAS (TYPES)
•Dependinguponsize,shape,positionofAsthi
inthebodytotalAsthiisdividedintofive
types.Thesearetabulatedbelow-
Dr Gaurav Soni 13
S.no Types S.SA.SA.H.B.P
1 Kapala + + + +
2 Ruchaka + + + +
3 Taruna + + + +
4 Valaya + + + +
5 Nalaka + + + +

14. ASTHI BHEDAS (TYPES)
Themeaningofparticulartype-
•Kapala-Asthi-Theseareflatinnature.Literallyitmeansbonewhichcovers
andprotectsthebrain.
•Valaya-Asthi-Theseareroundinshapeorparticularlyhemicircleinshape.
•Taruna-Asthi-Thesearesoftinnature.Literallyitmeanswhichhaveeither
notfullydevelopedi.e.ossified.Alsothebonesofchildhavecomeundersame
scenario.
•Nalika-Asthi-Thesearelongliketubesandhollowfromwithin.Theyare
reedshaped.
•Ruchaka-Asthi-Theboneswhicharedifferentfromallandareutilizedto
chewfoodandenjoythetaste.Thesearefortastesensation.
Dr Gaurav Soni 14

15. THE LOCATIONS OF EACH TYPE
1)Kapala-Asthi’spresentintheJanu,Nitamba,Amsa,Ganda,Talu,
Shankha,VankshanaandMadhyashiraareknownasKapalaAsthi.
2)Valaya-AsthiinPani,Pada,Uru,ParshvaandPrusthaareValayasthi.
Somecommentator’sdon’tagreewithitastheycountsomeotherbonesin
thiscategoryasPada,Hasta,GrivaandPrishsta.
3)Taruna-Asthi’spresentintheGhrana,Karna,GreevaandAkshikutaare
calledasTarunAsthi.BhojaalsoaddedKanthainlist.
4)Nalaka-Asthi’swhichareleftfromabovedescriptionislistedinthistype
.CommentatorslikeDalhanaandBhojahavespecifiedsomeofboneslike
HastaAnguli,PadaAnguli,PadaTala,Kurcha,BahuAsthi,JanghaAsthi
etcinexamplesofthistype.TypicallybonesofextremitiesareNalaka-
Asthi
5)Ruchaka-TheDashanasareknownasRuchakAsthi.Theseare28or32in
all.So,hereRuchakai.e.Danta(teeth)arealsoregardedasAsthialong
withvariousotherstiffparts.
Dr Gaurav Soni 15

16. ASTHI AND THEIR SANKHYA
ACCORDING TO CHARAKA
Dr Gaurav Soni 16
S.NO ASTHI NUMBER
1 Danta 32
2 Dantaulukhala 32
3 Nakha 20
4 Anguli 60
5 Salaka 20
6 Salaka-Asdhisthana 4
7 Parsni 2
8 Gulpha 4
9 Manika 4
10 Aratni 4
11 Jangha 4
12 Janukapal 2
13 Kapalika 2
14 Uru-Nalaka 2
15 Bahu-Nalaka 2
16 Amsa-Phalaka 2

17. ASTHI AND THEIR SANKHYA
ACCORDING TO CHARAKA
Dr Gaurav Soni 17
17 Aksaka 2
18 Sroni-Phalaka 2
19 Bhag-Asthi 1
20 Prsthagat-Asthi 45
21 Uras 14
22 Parsvaka 24
23 Sthalaka 24
24 Arbuda 24
25 Griva 15
26 Jatru 1
27 Talusaka 2
28 Hanv-Asthi 1
29 Hanu-Mula-Bandhana 2
30 Nasika-Gandakuta-Lalata 1
31 Sankha 2
32 Sirah-Kapala 4
Total 360

18. ASTHI AND THEIR SANKHYA
ACCORDING TO SUSRUTA
Dr Gaurav Soni 18
S.NO ASTHI NUMBER
1 Anguli 60
2 Tala 20
3 Kurca 20
4 Gulpha
5 Parsni 4
6 Jangha 8
7 Janu 4
8 Uru 4
9 Sroni 5
10 Parsva 72
11 Prstha 30
12 Uras 8
13 Aksaka/Amsaphalka 2

19. ASTHI AND THEIR SANKHYA
ACCORDING TO SUSRUTA
Dr Gaurav Soni 19
14 Griva 9
15 Kantha-nadi 4
16 Hanu 2
17 Danta 32
18 Nasa 3
19 Talu 1
20 Ganda 2
21 Karna 2
22 Sankha 2
23 Siras 6
Total 300

20. Dr Gaurav Soni 20

21. THANKS
Dr Gaurav Soni 21