Asthma disease ,nursing management at the hospitals

this is a scientifc lecture presentation about the chronic disese Asthma and how the nursing staff should managing this cases in the hospital

1. Supervisor Dr.Haider Nursing college/University of B aghdad Title of seminar Asthma preparation By students Raed farhan jabl M ustafa mohamed kazem N our akil abdulaziz

2. O bjective Identify asthma disease Identify causes of asthma Identify signs and symptoms of asthma Identify assessment finding for asthma Identify complication of asthma Identify treatment of asthma Identify nursing management for asthma

3. Definition Asthma is chronic airway inflammation . This chronic inflammatory disease of the airways causes airway hyper responsiveness, mucosal edema, and mucus production. This inflammation ultimately leads to recurrent episodes of asthma

4. Introduction Asthma is chronic obstruction airway An asthma attack often occurs at night or early in the morning, possibly because of circadian variations that influence airway receptor thresholds , Mast cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils all play a key role in the inflammation of asthma. When activated, mast cells release several chemicals called mediators. These chemicals, which include histamine, bradykinin , prostanoids , cytokines, leukotrienes , and other mediators, perpetuate the inflammatory response, causing increased blood flow, vasoconstriction, fluid leak from the vasculature, attraction of white blood cells to the area, mucus secretion, and bronchoconstriction

5. C auses Common allergens can be seasonal (e.g., grass, tree, and weed pollens) perennial (e.g., mold, dust, roaches, animal dander ) airway irritants (e.g., air pollutants, cold, heat, weather changes, strong odors or perfumes, smoke, occupational exposure) foods (e.g., shellfish, nuts), exercise, stress hormonal factors, medications, viral respiratory tract infections, and gastroesophageal reflux

6. Clinical Manifestations The three most common symptoms of asthma are cough, dyspnea, and wheezing (the sound of airflow through narrowed airways) cough, with or without mucus production Generalized chest tightness and dyspnea occur Expiration requires effort and becomes prolonged (1:2to 1:3or 1:4) hypoxemia and central cyanosis tachycardia, and a widened pulse pressure may occur along with (a late sign of poor oxygenation).

7. Assessment finding Detailed history and physical exam Pulmonary function tests Peak flow monitoring chest x-ray ABGs Oximetry Allergy testing Blood levels of eosinophils Sputum culture and sensitivity

8. Complications complications of asthma may include status asthmaticus , respiratory failure, pneumonia, and atelectasis. Airway obstruction, particularly during acute asthmatic episodes, often results in hypoxemia

9. Treatment Quick - Relief Medications Short - acting beta2 - adrenergic agonists Anticholinergics Long - Acting Control Medications Corticosteroids Cromolyn sodium Long – acting beta2 - agonists

10. Nursing Management The nurse assesses the patient's respiratory status by monitoring the severity of symptoms , breath sounds , peak flow , pulse oximetry , and vital signs . Obtains a history of allergic reactions to medications before administering medications . Administers medications as prescribed and monitors the patient's Administers fluids if the patient is dehydrated . nurse assists with the intubation procedure Educating Patients About Self - Care

11. Reference Medical - Surgical Nursing BRUNNER & SUDDARTH'S 14TH EDITION from page1818-1834