Atomic Structure.ppt Description of the structure of the Atom

The structure and components of the atom in a friendly visual way.

1. If a helium atom was the size of a full
stop, then the average gerbil would be
the size of the Earth.
Atoms: very small

2. Now let’s pretend that the helium atom on the right
is the size of the Earth.
What’s wrong with this simple picture?
Atoms: very small

3. The helium atom is not in the right proportions. The three
subatomic particles are wrongly enormous in comparison to
the atom’s radius.
If the atom was the size of the Earth, then the nucleus would
be about the size of IVC (at the centre of the Earth).
How big is a nucleus?

4. Most of the atom is empty space!
If you imagine an atom being the size of
Wembley stadium, the nucleus would be about
the size of a football on the centre spot.
The electrons would be two peas flying around
the whole stadium. The rest of it: emptiness.

5. Subatomic
particle
Relative
charge
Relative
mass
Common
depiction
Proton +1 1
Neutron 0 1
Electron-1 1  10
-5
+
-
Subatomic particles in more detail

6. Li
7
3
(No. of protons)
No. of protons + neutrons
Lithium
Number of
protons
Number of
electrons=
Atomic number does not always equal
the number of neutrons.
Lithium
Electrons3
Protons3
Neutrons4
Mass number
Atomic number or
proton number

7. Lithium
Number of
protons
Number of
electrons=
Lithium
Electrons3
Protons3
Neutrons4
This is because the
atom is neutral. The
charges balance out!
-3 charge
+3 charge
But atoms can gain and lose electrons (they become
ions). This changes the overall charge on the atom.
No charge

8. Lithium
Number of protons
“defines” an element –
nothing else!
Atomic number does not always equal the number of
neutrons. This can change, even in atoms of the same
element. These are called isotopes.
7-Lithium (
7
Li)
Electrons 3
Protons 3
Neutrons 4
Some isotopes of lithium:
4
Li4-Lithium
3 protons,
1 neutron
6
Li6-Lithium
3 protons,
3 neutrons
10
Li10-Lithium
3 protons,
7 neutrons
11
Li11-Lithium
3 protons,
8 neutrons
Lithium:
always 3
protons!

9. Cuántos protones (+), electrones (-) y neutrones hay en las siguientes especies?
Elemento P N E
Na
Rh
Fósforo
El último de los halógenos (Grupo VIIA)
Xe
Bromo
Li
+
F
-
Carbon-14 (
14
C)
A helium atomHe
4
2
2 protons
2 electrons
2 neutrons

10. Cuántos protones (+), electrones (-) y neutrones hay en las siguientes especies?
Elemento P N E
Na 11 12 11
Rh 45 58 45
Fósforo 15 16 15
El último de los halógenos (Grupo VIIA)
85 125 85
Xe 54 77 54
Bromo 35 45 35
Li
+
3 4 2
F
-
9 10 10
Carbon-14 (
14
C) 6 8 6
A helium atomHe
4
2
2 protons
2 electrons
2 neutrons

11. Completar de similar manera la sig. tabla
EspecieNombre ProtonesNeutronesElectrones
Configuración
electrónica
K Potasio 19 20 2,8,8,1
Ca Ión de Calcio
Ión de Oxígeno8
Ión Magnesio
Ión Fluoruro
Na
Ión Litio
Ión Cloruro
2+
+

12. Fill in the table
EspecieNombre ProtonesNeutronesElectrones
Configuración
electrónica
K Potasio 19 20 19 2,8,8,1
Ca Ión de Calcio 20 20 18 2,8,8
O Ión Oxígeno 8 8 10 2,8
Mg Ión Magnesio12 12 10 2,8
F Ión Fluoruro 9 10 10 2,8
Na Ión Sodio 11 12 10 2,8
Li Ión Litio 3 4 2 2
Cl Ión Cloruro17 18 18 2,8,8
2+
+
2-
-
+
-
2+