Attention

It is the excellent ppt for B.Ed., trainees

1. You
are
all
1A.S.Arul Lawrence, U.S.P.College, Tenkasi

2. 2A.S.Arul Lawrence, U.S.P.College, Tenkasi

3. 3A.S.Arul Lawrence, U.S.P.College, Tenkasi

4. 4A.S.Arul Lawrence, U.S.P.College, Tenkasi

5. A.S.Arul Lawrence M.Sc., M.Ed., M.Phil., NET,
E-mail: [email protected],
Mobile: [phone].

6. Meaning:
Attentionisanactivepartofconsciousness.
Theactivityofconcentratingmindonaparticular
matteriscalledattention.
Attentionisnotpossibleintheabsenceof
consciousness,butattentionandconsciousnessare
notone.
Thefieldofconsciousnessisvastandattentionisone
ofitsparts.Forexample,Iamreadingatthistime.
Book,note,table,chair,etc.,allthiscanbeundermy
consciousness,butmyattentionisonthewordsbeing
readonthepaper.
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7. Definition:
Attentionistheconcentrationofconsciousnessupononeobjectrather
thanothers–Dumvile.
Attentionistheprocessofgettinganobjectofthoughtclearlybefore
themind–Ross.
Attentionisthecognitiveprocessofselectivelyconcentratingonone
aspectoftheenvironmentwhileignoringotherthings–JohnR.
Anderson.
Attentionismerelyconationorstrivingconsideredfromthepointof
viewofitseffectsoncognitiveprocess–McDougall.
Attentionisbeingkeenlyalivetosomespecificfactorinour
environment.Itisapreparatoryadjustmentforresponse–Morganand
Gilliland.
Attentioncanbethoughtofasthebridgeoverwhichsomepartsofthe
externalworldtheaspectsselectivelyfocusedonarebroughtintothe
subjectiveworldofourconsciousnesssothatwemayregulateourown
behaviour–CarverandSchuler.
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8. Nature:
Attention is focusing of consciousness on a particular
object.
Attention is constantly shifting/changeable
Attention is selective
Attention is a mental process
Attention is a state of preparedness or alertness
Attention has narrow range/span
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9. Types:
ATTENTION
Non-Volitional
Enforced Spontaneous
Volitional
Implicit Explicit
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10. Factors Related to Attention
Attentiondependsuponseveralfactors.
Thesefactorsmaybeoftwotypes:
A.Externaland
B.Internal.
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11. External Factors:
Theexternalfactorsareconcernedwiththe
environment.ThesearealsocalledObjectiveFactors.
Size:Sizehaseffectonattention.Itisnaturalan
unusualsizeattractsattentionofthepeople.Verybig
sizeorverysmallsizetoodrawsourattentionwhen
comparedwithnormalsize.Forexample,aLilliputian
(dwarfman)walkingontheroadtoodrawsour
attention.
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13. External…
Intensity:Loudsounds,strongsmellsanddeep
coloursareattractiveinnature.Ifasoundisintense
thenitwouldattractourattention.Thethunderis
louderthanacarsound.So,ourattentionisdrawnon
thunder.
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15. External…
Movement:Movingthingsdrawsourattentionmore
thanstationaryone.Amovingcarattractsfasterthana
stationarycar.
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16. Movement:
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17. External…
Contrast:Anythingthatisdifferentfromits
surroundingiscontrast.Ablackdustinthemilk
drawnattentionquickly.Aswanamongthecrows
attractssuddenly.
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19. External…
Repetition:Ifathingorpersonoreventisrepeated
severaltimes,thenourattentiondrawntoit.Whenan
advertisementisrepeatedinthewallsdrawnourattention.
Duration:attentionisdrawntoathingthatlastslonger.A
salespersondrawsattentionbylengtheninghisvoice.
Change:Changedrawsourattentioneasily.Inthemidstof
continuousnoiseaslightmomentofsilencedrawsour
attention.
Novelty:Newnessattractsquicklythantraditionalone.A
newteacherattractsthechildrenverymuchintheschool.
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20. Repetition:
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21. Novelty
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22. Internal Factors
Theinternalfactorsareconcernedwiththeindividual.
So,thesearealsocalledsubjectivefactors.
Interest:weareinterestedinsomethingsand
disinterestedinotherthings.Interestingthingsdrawsour
attentionsoon.Anengineerandabotanistgoingdownthe
samepathwillattendentirelydifferentthingsontheway.
Engineerattentionwillbeonthebuildingsandbotanist
attentionwillbeonthetrees.
Desire:Aperson’sdesirebecomesacauseofpaying
attentiontoathing.Forexample,apersonhastodesireof
buyingahammer.Therearemanythingsavailableina
market,butwhenhegoestoashopwherehammersare
available.
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23. Internal…
Motives:Basicmotivesareimportantindrawing
attention. Human motives like
hungry,thirst,sex,safety,etc.,playavitalroleindrawing
attention.Athirstpersonattentionalwaysonwherewater
isavailable.
Aim/Goal:Everymanhassomeimmediateaimand
ultimategoalintheirlife.Theimmediateaimofastudent
istopassintheexaminationwhilehisultimategoalmaybe
tobecomeadoctor.Thestudent,whosegoalisnottopass
theexamination,willnotbeconcernedwithtextbooksor
note,etc,butwhohastheaimtopassinthe
examination,willatonceattendtothem.
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24. Internal...
Habit:Habitisalsoavitaldeterminantofattention.The
kindofhabitwefoundinourlife,ourattentionisdrawnto
suchthings.ifapersonhashabittoplaycricket,thenhis
attentionisalwaysdrawntoit,andhewilllistentocricket
commentarieswithattention.
PastExperience:Itisalsoaffectattention.Ifweknowby
ourpastexperiencethataparticularpersonissincereto
us,weshallpayattentiontowhateverheadvisesus.Ifour
experienceiscontrary,weshallnotattendeventohismost
serousadvice.
Apart from these above
factors,aptitude,attitude,mentalset,dispositionand
temperamentetc.,arealsoaninternalfactors.
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25. Inattention
Asamatteroffacttherearetwofieldsof
consciousness–thefieldofattentionandinattention.
Thefieldofattentionisinthecenterofconsciousness
andthatofinattentiontotheedgeconsciousness.
Thethingsontheedgeofconsciousnessinfluencethe
mindtosomeextent,butourattentionisnotdiverted
tothem.
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26. Inattention…
F D G J K
O Y U A W
V C N S Q
Z M IT R
Herearegiventwentylettersofalphabet.ifwepay
attentiontothealphabet‘N’,thenotherlettersare
overlookedandifwepayattentiontothealphabet‘A’
thenattentionisdivertedfromotheralphabetsetc.
Nowwehaveattentionon‘A’andinattentiononother
alphabets.
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27. Inattention…
Inattention is required for attention. If we want to pay
attention to a thing, we will have to overlook other
things.
If a student wants to pay attention to his lesson, then it
is necessary that he diverts his attention from other
things.
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28. Distraction: Meaning
Distractionmeansthedrivingofattentionorsome
interferenceinattention.
Forexample,whenoneisstudying,thesoundofa
songornoisebreaksinuponattention.
Theobjectwhichcausesthedistractioniscalled
distractor.
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29. Distraction: Definition
Distractionmaybedefinedasanystimuluswhose
presenceinterfereswiththeprocessofattentionor
drawsawayattentionfromtheobjecttowhichwewish
toattend–H.R.Bhatia.
Adistractionmaybedefinedasanyfactorwhich
normallytendstobreakupattention–PremPrakash.
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30. Sources of Distraction
Thesourcesofdistractioncanberoughlydividedintotwo-
externalandinternalsources.
ExternalFactors:Itisalsocalledenvironmentalfactors.
Thesearemorecommonandprominent.
Noise,music,improperlighting,uncomfortable
seats,inadequateventilation,defectivemethodof
teaching,improperuseofteachingaids,defectivevoiceofthe
teacherarethecommonexternaldistractorsinthe
classrooms.
InternalFactors:
Emotionaldisturbances,ill-health,anger,fear,feelingof
insecurity,boredom,lackofmotivation,feelingof
fatigue,lackofinterest,unrelatedsubjectmatterarethe
examplesforinternaldistractor.
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31. Forms of Distraction:
ContinuousDistraction:Asthenamesuggests,itis
thecontinuousdistractionofattention.
Forexample,thesoundofradioorgramophoneplayed
continuously,thenoiseofmarketplaceetc.Experiments
sayadjustmenttocontinuousdistractiontakesplace
quickly.
DiscontinuousDistraction:Thistypeofdistraction
isirregular,beinginterspersedwithintervals.
Forexample,thehearingofsomebody’svoiceeverynow
andthen.Itinterfereswithworkbecauseofthe
impossibilityofadjustment.
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32. Span of Attention:
Spanofattentionreferstothenumberof
objects,lettersanddigitsonecanattendtoina
fractionofasecondsoasexcludeeyemovementor
counting–PremPraksh.
Theextentorlimitoftheabilityofapersontoattend
toaconcentrateonsomething.Thelengthoftime
whichareadercanconcentrateonwhatheisreading
withoutthinkingofanythingelseiscalledSpanof
attention.
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33. Attention Span:
Itvarieswithage,physical,mentalandemotional
conditionandnatureofmaterialread.
Attentionbringsanobjectintoconsciousness.How
manyobjectscanbebroughtintoconsciousnessata
time,thenumberofthemiscalledspanofattention.
Onanaveragespanofattentionofachildislimitedto
4to5whereasforadultsitiswithin6to7lettersor
digits.
Touchidoscopeistheapparatususingfordetermine
thespanofattention.
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34. Review
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What did I
learn in this
class?

35. Attention:
Meaning: active part of consciousness.
Definition: concentration of consciousness upon one object rather than others .
Nature:
Types of Attention:
Non-volitional Attention: It is also called involuntary attention.
Enforced Attention: instincts.
Spontaneous Attention: internal motivation and sentiments
Volitional Attention: It is also called voluntary attention.
Implicit Attention: ordinary efforts
Explicit Attention: make efforts for a number of times
Factors related to Attention:
External Factors:
Size, Intensity, Repetition, Duration, Movement, Contrast, Change, Novelty,
Internal Factors:Interest, Desire, Motives, Aim/Goal, Habit, Past
Experience, aptitude, attitude, mental set, disposition and temperament etc.
Inattention: required for attention.
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36. Distraction:
Meaning: interference in attention.
Definition: any factor which normally tends to break up attention
Sources of Distraction
External Factors:Noise, music, improper lighting, uncomfortable
seats, inadequate ventilation, defective method of teaching, improper
use of teaching aids, defective voice of the teacher, etc.
Internal Factors: Emotional disturbances, ill-
health, anger, fear, feeling of insecurity, boredom, lack of
motivation, feeling of fatigue, lack of interest, unrelated subject
matter, etc.
Forms of Distraction
Continuous Distraction
Discontinuous Distraction
Span of Attention: limit of the ability of a person to attend to a
concentrate on something.
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37. Evaluation
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38. Questions:
1.Attentionisanactivepartof……………………………………
2.Enforcedattentionissustainedby……………………………
3.Volitionalattentionisalsocalled……..……………….
4.Theobjectwhichcausesthedistractioniscalled
……………………….
5.…………………… istheapparatususingfordetermine
thespanofattention.
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39. Answers:
1.Consciousness
2.Instinct
3.Voluntary attention
4.Distructor
5.Touchidoscope
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