Attitude

A settled way of thinking or feeling about something.It is either positive or may be negative

1. Attitude Presented By- Sakuntala Giri M.Sc.Tutor SUM Nursing College

2. Attitude

3. Attitude DEFINITION: An attitude is "a relatively enduring organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events or symbols." ( Hogg & Vaughan, 2005) “An attitude is a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor." ( Eagly & Chaiken , 1993)

4. Components of Attitude

5. Attitude Structure of Attitudes Attitudes structure can be described in terms of three components. Affective component: this involves a person’s feelings / emotions about the attitude object. For example: “I am scared of spider”. Behavioral (or conative) component: the way the attitude we have influences how we act or behave. For example: “I will avoid spiders and scream (make a loud) if I see one”. Cognitive component: this involves a person’s belief / knowledge about an attitude object. For example: “I believe spiders are dangerous”. This model is known as the ABC model of attitudes.

6. Characteristics of Attitudes  Attitude imply a subject object relationship :- Attitudes are always formed in relation to certain person, groups or institutions.  Attitude are learned predisposition  Attitudes have consistency  Attitudes occur within a situation  Attitudes are not innate- attitudes are formed or learnt by the individual  Attitude guide the behavior of the individual in one particular direction

7. Attitudes are learned predisposition  There is general agreement that attitudes are learned. This means attitudes are formed as a result of direct experience with product, word of mouth, information acquired from others, exposure to mass media advertising , and the internet .

8. Attitudes have consistency  Attitudes are relatively consistent with the behavior they reflect; however, attitudes are not necessarily permanent.  Attitudes do change

9. Attitudes occur within a situation  Situation means events or circumstances that at a particular point in time influence the relationship between attitude and behavior. A specific situation may cause individuals to behave in a way seemingly inconsistent with their behavior . Ex: A calm Nurse showing aggressive behavior due to work pressure

10. Types of Attitudes A ttitude is something that lies between emotions and thought processing. Attitude may be positive or negative. If someone has good feelings about something e.g. towards his/her work, or people, then it is positive attitude otherwise it would be negative. Positive attitude The predisposition that results in desirable outcomes for individuals and organizations can be described as positive attitude. Positive attitudes are rewarded . It means the individual is encouraged to do the same thing in future .

11. Types of Attitudes Negative attitude The tendency of a person that results in an undesirable outcome for individuals and organizations can be described as negative attitude. Negative attitudes are punished in order to discourage the same action in future.

12. Formation of Attitude  Individual attitudes develop through the interaction of complex forces and are learnt.  We develop our attitudes from copying those people who are important to us (significant others), particularly parents and siblings.

13. Cont … Family is the first place for formation of attitudes. Parents are exceedingly important in the formation of attitude. They control reward and punishments. Their smiles are sign of approval and their anger is a sign of disapproval of behavior of a child. Group affiliation help in the formation of indiviual’s attitudes. Especially the young people learn the attitudes of their peer groups in order to accepted by them. Attitudes are also influenced by mass media.

14. Cont … Attitudes are acquired by us as a result of the pressure from others or may be the outcome of some experience. Attitude may be formed as a result of learning. ex:- Male supremacy may be developed inside a house when much attention is given to sons than to daughters Attitude may also be formed as a result of experience. ex:- we can develop favorable attitude when we experience success in school or when we realize how much society values education.

15. Change in Attitude  Reward and punishment build up attitude. Attitude can be changed, if we differentiate negative attitude from positive attitude. Positive attitude can bring positive change in life.  It is difficult to change attitudes but with some effort, it can be done. A positive attitude is a pre-requisite for change and development .

16. How to change attitude  Negative attitudes towards change will disrupt the process of change.  Information alone is not sufficient to change attitudes towards a new idea or practice.  First , make people less resistant to receiving and processing information. And then expect change in their attitudes.

17. Cognitive approaches  Focus on changing the way people think about an entity or object. This is done through information, effective communication through introducing conflict between the existing attitude and the new one.

18. Behavioral approaches  focus reward and punishments for certain attitudes and behaviors.  It can be used at homes, schools or organizations

19. Social approaches  Focus on our tendency to copy the beliefs and behaviors of others.  Role models shown on television and in the neighborhoods are examples. People change their residences, shift from old localities/Mohall's to modern localities to learn new values and bring change in their attitudes

20.  Never, never, compare yourself with people. It points out the good parts in the person and makes you feel bad. Just think of all the good qualities you have too . How to Build a Positive Attitude

21.  Remind yourself most things are possible if you try hard enough.  Set your goal and work to reach it  Set a goal to make friends. If you feel you don't have enough of something in your life, such as friends, make a goal to get more of it until you're satisfied. work to reach it.  Give everything a chance before you neglect or reject it. It might give you something you're happy with in your life

22.  Grooming. Appearance can affect you too if you feel ugly. Stay natural. You should change hair styles, clothing, and if you wear it, make up, but that's it. This can help you feel great  Communicate needs. If someone makes you feel negative, like a friend, tell whoever it is in a nice way how you feel. Try to fix the problem