AUTISM AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY

management by pediatric dentistry point of view

1. AUTISM AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY : A REVIEW SARASWATHY MEENA ET AL International Journal Dental and Medical Sciences Research Volume 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2021

2. CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION

4. DEFINITION Autism Society of America (ASA) 5 defined AD as:  A complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first 3 years of life and is the result of a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain, impacting development in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development defined Autism Disorder (AD) as: “A complex biological disorder that generally lasts throughout a person's life, as it starts before age three, in the developmental period, and causes delay or problems in many different ways in which a person develops or grows.

5. ETIOLOGY

6. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

7. CLASSIFICATION OF ASD

8. SCREENING

9. DIAGNOSIS

10. Oral Health Fact Sheet for Medical Professionals,University of Washington

11. DENTAL CARE

12. BARRIERS FOR ACCESS OF DENTAL TREATMENT During the dental treatment, the main challenge is reduced ability of autistic kids to communicate and relate to others lack of capability to manage their emotions, repetitive body movements, hyperactivity associated with attention deficiency Sensations or sensory issues involve visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory (taste and texture), and tactile cues. Kopel reported that there will be high level of peripheral vision in autistic children. So lateral movements of any toy just before the patient are potential distractions should be avoided. These movements can change the behavior of child

13. DENTAL CLINIC ENVIRONMENT PRE-VISIT PARENT CONSULTATION HOME PREPARATION OF CHILD APPOINTMENT STRUCTURE DENTAL ASSISTANT ROLES

14. BEHAVIOUR GUIDANCE TECHNIQUES American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:306-24

15. Communication

16. VISUAL PEDAGOGY Visual Pedagogy was first used in 1999 by Backman B & Pilebro C in dentistry for increasing the cooperative levels of the children with ASD for dental treatment Video Modeling (VM) - A) video Self Modeling (VSM) B) Video Modeling Point of View (VPOV)

17. TEACCH A pedagogic concept called TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication-handicapped Children) was developed by Schopler in 1972, which is a structured teaching in which visual pedagogy is one part of the concept, and it is an effective technique to teach children with autism both at home and in school . Application of the TEACCH concept to desensitize the children to dental procedures and oral hygiene procedures are usually effective in training the children

18. TELL SHOW DO VOICE CONTROL POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT “

19. Desensitization Kopel suggested familiarizing the child with basic dental procedures in home. This technique involves dividing dental procedures into smaller steps

20. Restraints/Deep Pressure Touch Concerning the use of restraints for autistic children, there is a controversy . McDonald and Avery reported that restraints were used in challenged patients to obtain safer working conditions and more predictable working conditions.

21. Sensory Adapted Dental Environment (SADE)

22. APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS (ABA) Applied behavior analysis are based on the analysis and modification of human behavior and environment in order to modify behaviors so that the desired effects are achieved.

23. CONCLUSION

24. REFERENCES DSM - V : American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of. Mental Disorders (5th edn ). APA, 2013. : Chandrashekhar S, Bommangoudar JS. Management of Autistic Patients in Dental Office: A Clinical Update. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):219-227. Autistic disorder: a review for the pediatric dentist , AAPD Macdonald and Avery’s dentistry for child and adolescents(9 th edition) Guideline on Management of Dental Patients with Special Health Care Needs. AAPD 2012;36(6):161-166.

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