AUTOMATED CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) MACHINE

An Emergency Procedure that combines Chest Compression often with Artificial Ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
The Aim of CPR is to maintain victim's breathing and circulation until Emergency Aid Arrives.

1. A UTOMATED C ARDIOPULMONARY R ESUSCITATION (CPR) M ACHINE Supervisor : Dr. Mujeeb Co- Advisor: Dr. Rehan Co- Advisor: Dr. Kashif Riaz ADEEL AHMED EE-13043 MUHAMMAD JAMAL EE-13024 MUHAMMAD JAWAD EE-13021

2. Introduction to CPR An Emergency Procedure that combines Chest Compression often with Artificial Ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest. The Aim of CPR is to maintain victim's breathing and circulation until Emergency Aid Arrives.

3. Idea to Design Automated CPR Machine According an Article published in The Nation : Heart disease and stroke are the worlds leading cause of death, claiming 17. 1 million lives each year. Worldwide, an average of more than 16 women per minute die of cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke. In Pakistan and other third world countries, the situation is even worse. The cardiac arrest alone contributes to 25 percent of death in the country. http://nation.com.pk/lahore/25-Sep-2010/Heart-disease-claims-171m-lives-each-year

4. Problems in Conventional CPR The Problem with Standard CPR is that it provides only 1/3 of Normal Blood Supply to the Brain and 10 to 20% to the Heart. Although Defibrillation is the Definitive Treatment for Ventricular Fibrillation, its success is dependent on Effective CPR. Providing CPR manually in moving Ambulance is very difficult. It may harm the patient and paramedics. Manual CPR is very Exhausting Practice. Quality of CPR cannot be Assured.

5. Pre-Requisite Rate of Compression to Breathing: Compression Rate for Adult : 30:2 Minimum Chest Compression 2 Inches Minimum Force Required 110lb BLS for health care providers, Student manual .American heart association AHA 2006

6. Automated CPR To Resolved This Issue we have designed an Automated CPR Machine. The Aim is to provide Continuous and Constant Compressions. We are Successful in cutting off the prices as compared to currently operational devices functioning in Canadian Ambulances. Our System is designed by keeping in mind about the exact Pressure defined by American Medical Association. It is designed so that it may fit in the Bag Pack of Rescuer.

7. Designing Automated CPR Currently we are only focusing on providing compressions to the heart to maintain Continuous Blood Circulation. Following is the image of presently available CPR device.

8. Major Tasks MECHANICAL PART: We have to design a Linear Actuator despite having any Information About Mechanical Engineering Screw Size and Pitch Linear Actuator Design Motor Calculations ELECTRICAL PART: Controller Design PWM Theory Programming Automation

9. Block Diagram

10. Mechanical Design 1 Our First Designed as Discussed Later relied on: Rotatory Screw for Converting Rotational Motion to Linear Introduction of Bearings Linear Actuator Assembly Low Speed High Torque Motor http://www.cgco.com/news/18-oriental-motor/51-new-ez-limo-motorized-linear-actuators

11. Mechanical Design 1 Rotatory Screw for Converting Rotational Motion to Linear

12. Mechanical Design 1 Bearings for Rotatory Screw Rotatory Screw Inlet

13. Mechanical Design 1 Linear Actuator Developed Rotatory Screw Linear Motion Motor Assembly

14. Mechanical Design 1 DC Motor Calculations RPM calculation Constants (Fixed due to the availability in the market) Rod pitch = 4.1 mm Total standard press distance = 2.5 inches Calculations nut spin req =(total press distance)/(rod pitch) motor rotation req =2*nut spin req minimum rpm req =motor rotation required*60 MATLAB Code Minimum RPM is 1858 required to rotate the rod of 4.1 mm pitch in order to get 2.5 inches of linear nut movement.

15. Mechanical Design 1 Purchased DC Motor (USED) RPM= 2200 Rated 12-24Volts

16. Mechanical Design 1 Motor Rotatory Screw Linear Motion

17. Mechanical Design 1 (FAILED ) Reason of Failure : Jerks Huge Power Required to Rotate Motor while Changing Directions A complex Power Electronics Circuit was Required Weight was around 15 Kg Prices had Increased drastically Now What to do was the Main Question? We needed to completely Change the Structure We were on Square One Again

18. Mechanical Design 2 A Brief History: Sewing Machine

19. Mechanical Design 2 A Brief History: Whitworth Motion Why Not?

20. Mechanical Design 2 A Brief History: Crank Motion The Most Plausible Method…

21. Mechanical Design 2 A Brief History: Crank Motion Final Design Motor Piston Rod Chamber

22. Electrical Design We were Required to Make Motor Driver Circuitry MOSFETS MOSFET Driver Optocoupler

23. Electrical Design Microcontroller Used And Its Assembly 5V Voltage Regulator Controller Test LED

24. Electrical Design Final PCB Design Optocoupler Mosfet Driver Capacitor 3.3V Regulator MOSFET Microcontroller 5V Regulator 16MHz Crystal

25. Electrical Design Control Design And PWM Control Speed Control by Smart Phone HC-09 Bluetooth Module Has been Used

26. Final Design Our Final Design Looks Like

27. Final Design Small Video

28. Our Website Visit our Website at : http://bsee13043.wixsite.com/acpr

29. Conclusion Till our Final Evaluation We have Accomplished: A Proper Calculation of Compressions and Force Needed A Proper Mechanical Design of Linear Actuator How to Stabilize the Jerks in Linear Actuator Proper Understanding of CPR Operation A Cheap and Effective Design CPR Power Electronic Circuit Proper Documentation A Research Paper Webpage Poster

30. Some Related Links http://www.lucas-cpr.com/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAs1IUpNIGo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUwWeMbOmIY https://brainy-bits.com/blogs/tutorials/standalone-arduino https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-photos-circuit-board-tree-background-image20193868 Singer, Mervyn, and Andrew Webb. Oxford handbook of critical care. Oxford University Press, 2009. Soar, Jasmeet, et al. "European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005: section 7. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances." Resuscitation 67 (2005):S135-S170. Abella , Benjamin S., et al. "Chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are suboptimal." Circulation 111.4 (2005): 428-434. Some Images Have been taken From Google Images References have been given Slides Footer where needed. Images have been Photoshopped for perfection. For More Reference and Detailed Explanation. Please Read the thesis.